Assessment of engine oil viscosity and vibration characteristics of CI engine fuelled with jatropha biodiesel blends
-
Ashok S. Kumar
and
Santosh K. Kurre
Abstract
In the search for environmentally acceptable alternative fuels for diesel engines, biodiesel is a tempting option. Still, the long-term repercussions are excessive noise and vibration, as well as irregular and unpredictable combustion, which leads to knocking. In this study, an attempt was made to study the vibrational behavior of diesel engines fuelled with neat diesel and jatropha biodiesel blends (BJ0, BJ10, BJ20, BJ30, and BJ40) and lubrication oil degradation at different operating time periods (40, 60, 80 and 100 h). Vibration analysis is done through the measurement of horizontal and vertical frequencies and physical characteristics of lubrication are done through the determination of viscosity and density. Observation shows that there is a definite relationship between the degradation of oil and the vibration signatures of the engine. It is observed that BJ20 is the best-suited fuel for optimized performance. The highest frequency of vibration is reported in the frequency range of 1039–1041 Hz. The present study provides the guidelines for condition monitoring of bio fuelled engines for proper maintenance and scheduling change of oil.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
Antoni, J., J. Daniere, and F. Guillet. 2002. “Effective Vibration Analysis of IC Engines Using Cyclostationarity. Part I-A Methodology for Condition Monitoring.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 257 (5): 815–37. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2002.5062.Search in Google Scholar
Ashok, B., A. K. Jeevanantham, R. Vignesh, K. R. Bhat Hire, K. Prabhu, R. A. Raaj Kumar, N. Shivshankar, and P. Edwin Sudhagar. 2021. “Calibration of Engine Parameters and Fuel Blend for Vibration and Noise Characteristics in CRDI Engine Fuelled with Low Viscous Biofuel.” Fuel 288: 119659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119659.Search in Google Scholar
Bennett, S. 2014. Modern Diesel Technology: Diesel Engines. Stamford CT: Cengage Learning.Search in Google Scholar
Bottega, W. J. 2014. Engineering Vibrations. Boca Raton FL: CRC Press.Search in Google Scholar
Basava, V. A., A. Kolakoti, and P. R. Kancherla. 2021. “IDI Engine with Alternate Fuels.” In Handbook of Research on Advancements in Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering (25–53), edited by L. Burstein. IGI Global.10.4018/978-1-7998-4939-1.ch002Search in Google Scholar
Deepanraj, B., N. Senthilkumar, D. Mala, and A. Sathiamourthy. 2022. “Cashew Nut Shell Oil as Alternate Fuel for CI Engine – Optimization Approach for Performance Improvement.” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 12: 1715–28, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01312-4.Search in Google Scholar
Deepanraj, B., G. Sankaranarayanan, N. Senthilkumar, and M. Pugazhvadivu. 2017. “Influence of Dimethoxymethane Addition on Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of the Diesel Engine.” International Journal of Ambient Energy 38 (6): 622–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2016.1181568.Search in Google Scholar
Folaranmi, J. 2013. “Production of Biodiesel (B100) from Jatropha Oil Using Sodium Hydroxide as Catalyst.” Journal of Petroleum Engineering 2013 (6): 956479. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/956479.Search in Google Scholar
Ghaderi, M., H. Javadikia, L. Naderloo, M. Mostafaei, and H. Rabbani. 2019. “An Analysis of Noise Pollution Emitted by Moving MF285 Tractor Using Different Mixtures of Biodiesel, Bioethanol and Diesel through Artificial Intelligence.” Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 38 (2): 270–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461348418823572.Search in Google Scholar
Gopinath, A., K. Sairam, R. Velraj, and G. Kumaresan. 2015. “Effects of the Properties and the Structural Configurations of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters on the Properties of Biodiesel Fuel: A Review.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers – Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 229 (3): 357–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407014541103.Search in Google Scholar
Gulzar, M., H. H. Masjuki, M. Varman, M. A. Kalam, N. W. M. Zulkifli, R. A. Mufti, A. M. Liaquat, R. Zahid, and A. Arslan. 2016. “Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Lubricating Oil Degradation and Piston Assembly Energy Losses.” Energy 111: 713–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.132.Search in Google Scholar
Grajales, J. A., H. F. Quintero, C. A. Romero, and E. Henao. 2018. “Engine Diagnosis Based on Vibration Analysis Using Different Fuel Blends.” In Advances in Condition Monitoring of Machinery in Non-stationary Operations. CMMNO 2016. Applied Condition Monitoring, Vol. 9, edited by A. Timofiejczuk, F. Chaari, R. Zimroz, W. Bartelmus, and Haddar, M. Cham: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-61927-9_25Search in Google Scholar
Isaac, I. O. 2004. “The Effects of Temperature on the Viscosity of Vegetable Oils in Solution.” Industrial Crops and Products 19 (2): 185–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.09.006.Search in Google Scholar
Javed, S., Y. V. V. Satyanarayana Murthy, R. U. Baig, and T. Nagarjuna Rao. 2016. “Vibration Analysis of a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Fuel Blended with Nano Particles by Dual Fueling of Hydrogen.” Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 33: 217–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.05.026.Search in Google Scholar
Lakshmi, R. V., S. Jaikumar, V. Srinivas, and M. Rajasekhar. 2022. “Vibration and Noise Study on the Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine Running with Nanoparticle Dispersed Abrus precatorius Biodiesel Blend.” Silicon 14: 4887–97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01280-4.Search in Google Scholar
Liu, J., F. Yang, J. Xia, F. Wu, and C. Pu. 2021. “Mechanism of Ultrasonic Physical–Chemical Viscosity Reduction for Different Heavy Oils.” ACS Omega 6 (3): 2276–83, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c05585.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Liu, S., W. Li, Z. Shuai, and M. Chen. 2019. “Vibration Analysis of a Single-Cylinder Reciprocating Compressor Considering the Coupling Effects of Torsional Vibration.” Shock and Vibration 2019: 3904595. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3904595.Search in Google Scholar
Myshkin, N. K., and L. V. Markova. 2017. On-line Condition Monitoring in Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. New York: Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-61134-1Search in Google Scholar
Meher, L. C., C. P. Churamani, M. Arif, Z. Ahmed, and S. N. Naik. 2013. “Jatropha Curcas as a Renewable Source for Bio-Fuels—A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 26: 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.065.Search in Google Scholar
McKeon, T. A. 2016. “Chapter 11 – Emerging Industrial Oil Crops.” In Industrial Oil Crops, edited by T. A. McKeon, D. G. Hayes, D. F. Hildebrand, and R. J. Weselake, 275–341. Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc.10.1016/B978-1-893997-98-1.00011-7Search in Google Scholar
Nikolakopoulos, P. G., S. Mavroudis, and A. Zavos. 2018. “Lubrication Performance of Engine Commercial Oils with Different Performance Levels: The Effect of Engine Synthetic Oil Aging on Piston Ring Tribology under Real Engine Conditions.” Lubricants 6 (4): 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6040090.Search in Google Scholar
O’Neill, L. E., I. Mudawar, M. M. Hasan, H. K. Nahra, R. Balasubramaniam, and J. R. Mackey. 2018. “Experimental Investigation of Frequency and Amplitude of Density Wave Oscillations in Vertical Upflow Boiling.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 125: 1240–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.04.138.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Pham, M. T., A. T. Hoang, A. T. Le, A. R. M. Al-Tawaha, V. H. Dong, and V. V. Le. 2018. “Measurement and Prediction of the Density and Viscosity of Biodiesel Blends.” International Journal of Technology 9 (5): 105–1026. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v9i5.1950.Search in Google Scholar
Reddy, K. H., and K. Nanthagopal. 2021. “Investigations on Compression Ignition Engine Durability through Long-Term Endurance Study Using Low Viscous Biofuel Blends.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 23: 2413–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02160-6.Search in Google Scholar
Razzaq, L., M. Farooq, M. A. Mujtaba, F. Sher, M. Farhan, M. T. Hassan, M. E. M. Soudagar, A. E. Atabani, M. A. Kalam, and M. Imran. 2020. “Modeling Viscosity and Density of Ethanol-Diesel-Biodiesel Ternary Blends for Sustainable Environment.” Sustainability 12 (12): 5186. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125186.Search in Google Scholar
Senthilkumar, N., P. Raj, J. Ranjitha, and A. Muniappan. 2022. “A Critical Evaluation of Additive Blended Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Blended Biodiesel Performance in Compression Ignition Engine.” Environment, Development and Sustainability 25: 61–75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-02042-3.Search in Google Scholar
Sangeetha, M., P. Boomadevi, K. Brindhadevi, and M. Sekar. 2022. “Vibration, Acoustic and Emission Characteristics of the Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae Oil in Compression Ignition Engine to Mitigate Environmental Pollution.” Chemosphere 293: 133475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133475.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Santana, C. 2022. “Correlation between Vibration Level, Lubricating Oil Viscosity and Total Number Base of an Internal Combustion Engine Operated with Gasoline and Ethanol.” SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0620.Search in Google Scholar
Sun, H., Y. Liu, and J. Tan. 2021. “Research on Testing Method of Oil Characteristic Based on Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor.” Applied Sciences 11 (12): 5642. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125642.Search in Google Scholar
Siavash, N. K., G. Najafi, S. R. Hassan-Beygi, H. Ahmadian, B. Ghobadian, T. Yusaf, and M. Mazlan. 2021. “Time–Frequency Analysis of Diesel Engine Noise Using Biodiesel Fuel Blends.” Sustainability 13 (6): 3489. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063489.Search in Google Scholar
Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A., B. Ghobadian, T. Tavakoli-Hashjin, and S. S. Mohtasebi. 2012. “Vibration Analysis of a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel and Petrodiesel Fuel Blends.” Fuel 102: 414–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.109.Search in Google Scholar
Tripathi, A. K., and R. Vinu. 2015. “Characterization of Thermal Stability of Synthetic and Semi-synthetic Engine Oils.” Lubricants 3: 54–79, https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants3010054.Search in Google Scholar
Varma, B. M., N. Ravi Kumar, and G. Prasanthi. 2016. “An Experimental Investigation of Vibration Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engine Running with Neem Methyl Ester.” International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 13 (2): 3434–50. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.13.2.2016.12.0284.Search in Google Scholar
Velumani, V., V. Manieniyan, and S. Sivaprakasam. 2019. “Comparative Vibration Analysis on IC Engine with Biodiesel and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube.” Journal of Vibroengineering 21 (7): 1810–8. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2019.20459.Search in Google Scholar
Wright, G. 2021. Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Duty Diesel Engines. Burlington MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.Search in Google Scholar
Wolak, A. 2018. “Changes in Lubricant Properties of Used Synthetic Oils Based on the Total Acid Number.” Measurement and Control 51 (3–4): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294018770916.Search in Google Scholar
Yao, T., N. Zhang, J. Hu, X. Liao, Y. Shen, and Z. Gan. 2020. “Effect of Temperature on the Chemical Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Diester Aviation Lubrication Oil.” International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020: 8829206. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8829206.Search in Google Scholar
Yang, T., T Wang, G. Li, J. Shi, and X. Sun. 2018. “Vibration Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engines Fueled with Blended Petro-Diesel and Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuel from Coal Fuels.” Energies 11 (8): 2043. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082043.Search in Google Scholar
Zikri, J. M., M. S. M. Sani, Erdiwansyah, A. F. Yusop, I. Izzudin, and S. Sapee. 2019. “Vibration Analysis on Palm Oil Methyl Ester Biodiesel as a Fuel with the Additional of Butanol.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1262: 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1262/1/012012.Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Preface: special issue dedicated to the “International Conference on Energy Sustainability and Advanced Materials – 2022 (ICESAM-2022)” part of the Energy Summit-2022 UPES, Dehradun, India
- Special Issue Articles
- Biogas production from canteen waste
- Compositional numerical analysis of multiphase flow of crude oil in porous media under non-isothermal conditions
- Numerical investigations on sc-CO2 gas sequestration in layered heterogeneous deep saline aquifers
- Energy optimization and neural-based dynamic analysis of integrated multiple stage evaporator
- Modelling and experimental studies for the recovery of valuable chemical intermediates from mustard husk pyrolysis oil
- Effect of noble bacteria Ochrobactrum intermedium (Alhpa-22) on decolorization of methyl orange dye in a bioreactor
- Assessment of engine oil viscosity and vibration characteristics of CI engine fuelled with jatropha biodiesel blends
- Green and recyclable mesoporous silica supported WO3–ZrO2 solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production by transesterification of Ankol seed oil with methanol
- On the extremum dissipation for steady state incompressible flow past a sphere at low Reynolds number
- Determining and modeling of density and viscosity of biodiesel-diesel and biodiesel-diesel-butanol blends
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Preface: special issue dedicated to the “International Conference on Energy Sustainability and Advanced Materials – 2022 (ICESAM-2022)” part of the Energy Summit-2022 UPES, Dehradun, India
- Special Issue Articles
- Biogas production from canteen waste
- Compositional numerical analysis of multiphase flow of crude oil in porous media under non-isothermal conditions
- Numerical investigations on sc-CO2 gas sequestration in layered heterogeneous deep saline aquifers
- Energy optimization and neural-based dynamic analysis of integrated multiple stage evaporator
- Modelling and experimental studies for the recovery of valuable chemical intermediates from mustard husk pyrolysis oil
- Effect of noble bacteria Ochrobactrum intermedium (Alhpa-22) on decolorization of methyl orange dye in a bioreactor
- Assessment of engine oil viscosity and vibration characteristics of CI engine fuelled with jatropha biodiesel blends
- Green and recyclable mesoporous silica supported WO3–ZrO2 solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production by transesterification of Ankol seed oil with methanol
- On the extremum dissipation for steady state incompressible flow past a sphere at low Reynolds number
- Determining and modeling of density and viscosity of biodiesel-diesel and biodiesel-diesel-butanol blends
