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Moving bed biofilm reactor combined with an activated carbon filter for biological nitrate removal

  • Meriem Bouteraa EMAIL logo , Antonio Panico , Rania Zamouche-Zerdazi , Mossaab Bencheikh-Lehocine , Kerroum Derbal , Gaetano Crispino , Corrado Gisonni , Alberto Ferraro and Francesco Pirozzi
Published/Copyright: June 23, 2023
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International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
From the journal International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Volume 21 Issue 10

Abstract

A massive use of nitrogen based fertilizers in agriculture is worldwide one of the main causes for nitrate contamination of groundwater. Methods for removing nitrate from aquatic environment through physical and/or chemical processes often turn out to be not applicable because of unaffordable financial resource as well as essential infrastructure lack. On the other hand, biological processes seem to have potentiality to overcome these limitations since they are less expensive and easier to be performed. Accordingly, in the present work, a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) filled with Kaldnes K1 as carrier media was used to remove nitrate from a synthetic groundwater at bench scale. Acetate was used as organic source. Different operational conditions were tested: influent nitrate concentrations of 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/L; hydraulic retention times of 24, 18, 12 and 8 h; and COD/NO3-N mass ratios of 3.00 and 2.98. Experimental results showed that NO3-N = 60 mg L−1, HRT = 8 h and COD/NO3-N ratio = 2.98 were the optimal operating conditions that allowed achieving a NO3-N removal by 99 % and a COD removal by almost 100 %. Moreover, almost no NO2−-N accumulation and null COD concentration were observed at the optimal operating conditions. An activated carbon filter was placed downstream to remove residual organic compounds prior to disinfection unit, thus avoiding the potential formation of harmful disinfection by-products (e.g. trihalomethanes (THMs)). The MBBR was able to show a rapid recovery whenever the operating conditions were defined as more severe, thus proving that the operating conditions can vary over a wider range. Furthermore, the results showed that the MBBR system can be used effectively as a biological process to remove nitrate from groundwater.

Keywords: activated carbon filter; biological denitrification; groundwater; MBBR
Corresponding author: Meriem Bouteraa, Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering (LIPE), Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, University City Ali Mendjli, 25000 Constantine, Algeria, E-mail:

Acknowledgements

This research has been conducted in the framework of the International Project AL16M002 of Scientific and Technological Cooperation promoted by the Ministries of Foreign Affair of Algeria and Italy. The authors want to express their gratitude to Dr. GianpieroCesaro, director of the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant of Nola.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2022-09-30
Accepted: 2023-06-07
Published Online: 2023-06-23

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0231
Keywords for this article
activated carbon filter; biological denitrification; groundwater; MBBR

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Articles
  3. Methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using modified Met-SWCNT-Ag nanoparticles: optimization using RSM-CCD
  4. Leaching behavior of germanium presented in different phases from zinc oxide dust under atmospheric acid leaching conditions
  5. TiO2 P25 and Kronos vlp 7000 materials activated by simulated solar light for atrazine degradation
  6. Numerical investigations on hydrothermal flame characteristics of water-cooled hydrothermal burner
  7. Moving bed biofilm reactor combined with an activated carbon filter for biological nitrate removal
  8. Preparation of bimodal mesoporous CoCe composite oxide for ethanol complete oxidation in air
  9. Hydrocracking of hydrotreated light cycle oil for optimizing BTEX production: a simple kinetic model
  10. Hydrodynamic comparison of different geometries of square cross-section airlift bioreactor using computational fluid dynamics
  11. Influence of different influence parameters on mixing characteristics of silicon particles in cassette
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