Optimization of microwave-assisted synthesis process for water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate from urea phosphate and urea
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Mengmeng Yu
Abstract
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which is a raw material for the high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer production. In this work, the water-soluble APP was directly synthesized using commercial grade-urea phosphate and urea in a microwave reactor. The effects of the molar ratio of urea to phosphate urea (UP), microwave power and reaction time on the quality of APP were also studied. Single-factor experiments indicate that with the optimal conditions: the molar ratio of 0.4, the microwave power of 720 W, and the reaction time of 9 min, the average polymerization degree of APP was 18.91, and the solubility was 6.31 g/100 g H2O. Orthogonal experiment indicates that the order of significant factors for APP production is molar ratio > reaction time > microwave power. Based on the results of the range analysis and analysis of variance, the optimized conditions were found at the molar ratio of 0.6, the microwave power of 720 W, and the reaction time of 9 min, the average polymerization degree of the APP was 21.7 and the solubility was 6.03 g/100 g H2O at 25 °C. The TGA analysis showed that the synthesized APP had a good thermal stability. Its XRD spectrum was the same as the crystalline form I.
Funding source: National Key R&D Program of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2021YFD1700902
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2016YFD0300805
Funding source: Program for Training Key Young Teachers in Zhengzhou University
Award Identifier / Grant number: No. 2021ZDGGJS015
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: The financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2021YFD1700902), (No. 2016YFD0300805) and Program for Training Key Young Teachers in Zhengzhou University (No. 2021ZDGGJS015) are gratefully acknowledged.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Numerical study of post-combustion characteristic in a smelting reduction furnace
- Experimental study and modeling of denitrification in an MBBR reactor
- Experimental study on the influence of fuel-rich and fuel-lean coal/airflow ratio on aerodynamic characteristics of a 300MWe foster wheeler down-fired boiler
- Effect of La on the catalytic performance of mesoporous Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for dry reforming of methane
- Adsorption of paratoluic acid on MIL-53 (Al) metal-organic framework, and response surface methodology optimization
- An intelligent dynamic setting control framework for a multimode impurity removal process
- Optimization of microwave-assisted synthesis process for water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate from urea phosphate and urea
- Oxidation of NMST to NMSBA catalyzed by Co/Mn/Br together with porous carbon made from coconut shell with acetic acid as an activator
- Influence of blast volume on hot blast distribution rule around the hearth circumferentially
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Numerical study of post-combustion characteristic in a smelting reduction furnace
- Experimental study and modeling of denitrification in an MBBR reactor
- Experimental study on the influence of fuel-rich and fuel-lean coal/airflow ratio on aerodynamic characteristics of a 300MWe foster wheeler down-fired boiler
- Effect of La on the catalytic performance of mesoporous Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for dry reforming of methane
- Adsorption of paratoluic acid on MIL-53 (Al) metal-organic framework, and response surface methodology optimization
- An intelligent dynamic setting control framework for a multimode impurity removal process
- Optimization of microwave-assisted synthesis process for water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate from urea phosphate and urea
- Oxidation of NMST to NMSBA catalyzed by Co/Mn/Br together with porous carbon made from coconut shell with acetic acid as an activator
- Influence of blast volume on hot blast distribution rule around the hearth circumferentially
