Numerical Simulation of Flow Distribution in the Reactor Used for CFRPs Degradation under Supercritical Condition
-
Huanbo Cheng
,
Weihao Liu
Abstract
Supercritical fluids with excellent decomposition and mass transfer capabilities can degrade the resin matrix of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRPs) to recycle high-performance carbon fibers. The degradation rate of CFRPs was influenced by the velocity and temperature distributions of supercritical fluids in the reactor with mechanical stirring. The flow field model in the reactor was established during the degradation of CFRPs by supercritical ethanol. The velocity and temperature distributions in both the axial and radial directions were simulated when the stirrer was installed in the reactor at different heights. The simulation indicated that the flow distribution was uneven in the reactor and the position with optimum flow distribution for placing CFRPs was 45 %–70 % of the installation distance between underside of the impeller and the base of the reactor. The experiment shows mechanical stirring can significantly promote CFRPs degradation. When the installing height of the stirrer is 110 mm, the degradation rate of the epoxy resin is 10 % higher than that without stirring. The degradation rate of epoxy resin was also affected by the placement position of CFRPs in the reactor, and could be improved by approximately 14 % higher than that without mechanical stirring when the CFRPs were placed in the position with optimum flow distribution.
Acknowledgements
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51705237 and 51722502), Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (17KJB460006) and Open Research Fund by Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Recycling and Reuse Technology for Mechanical and Electronic Products (RRME201806).
References
Allan, W., X. Zhihui, and G. Hamid. 2005. “Evaluation of the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) Model in a Truck Fan Simulation.” Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference & Exposition.Search in Google Scholar
Bai, Y., Z. Wang, and L. Feng. 2010. “Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites in Oxygen in Supercritical Water.” Materials & Design 31 (2): 999–1002.10.1016/j.matdes.2009.07.057Search in Google Scholar
Cheng, H. B., Z. Liu, H. Huang, X. Sun, and Z. Li. 2015. “Stress Distribution in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites under the Supercritical Condition.” Polymer Composites 36 (5): 961–68.10.1002/pc.23017Search in Google Scholar
Cheng, H. B., J. Zhang, H. H. Huang, and Z. F. Liu. 2017. “Mass Transfer Model of Supercritical Fluid Degradation for Carbon Fiber Composites.” Journal of Composite Materials 51 (8): 1073–85.10.1177/0021998316658944Search in Google Scholar
Gimbun, J., C. D. Rielly, and Z. K. Nagy. 2009. “Modelling of Mass Transfer in Gas–Liquid Stirred Tanks Agitated by Rushton Turbine and CD-6 Impeller: A Scale-up Study.” Chemical Engineering Research and Design 87 (4): 437–51.10.1016/j.cherd.2008.12.017Search in Google Scholar
Guo, J. Z., P. Zhao, and W. Q. Wang. 2012. “The Simulation of Flow in Supercritical CO2 Extraction Reactor and Structural Development of Extraction Reactor Based on ANSYS Workbench and Fluent.” Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress 31 (9): 1914–18. .Search in Google Scholar
Guo, W. J., S. Bai, Y. Ye, and L. Zhu. 2019. “Recycling Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymers by Pyrolysis and Reused to Prepare Short-cut Fiber C/C Composite.” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38 (7): 340–48.10.1177/0731684418822144Search in Google Scholar
Hartmann, H., J. J. Derksen, and H. E. A. van den Akker. 2006. “Numerical Simulation of a Dissolution Process in a Stirred Tank Reactor.” Chemical Engineering Science 61 (9): 3025–32.10.1016/j.ces.2005.10.058Search in Google Scholar
Jahoda, M., and L. Tomaskova. 2009. “CFD Prediction of Liquid Homogenisation in a Gas-Liquid Stirred Tank.” Chemical Engineering Research and Design 87: 460–67.10.1016/j.cherd.2008.12.006Search in Google Scholar
Jiang, G., S. Pickering, E. Lester, T. Turner, K. Wong, and N. Warrior. 2009. “Characterisation of Carbon Fibres Recycled from Carbon Fibre/epoxy Resin Composites Using Supercritical N-propanol.” Composites Science and Technology 69 (2): 192–98.10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.10.007Search in Google Scholar
La Rosa, A. D., D. R. Banatao, S. J. Pastine, A. Latteri, and G. Cicala. 2016. “Recycling Treatment of Carbon Fibre/epoxy Composites: Materials Recovery and Characterization and Environmental Impacts through Life Cycle Assessment.” Composites Part B 104: 17–25.10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.08.015Search in Google Scholar
Launder, B. E., and D. B. Spalding. 1972. Lectures in Mathematical Models of Turbulence. London: Academic Press.Search in Google Scholar
Longana, M., V. Ondra, H. Yu, K. Potter, and I. Hamerton. 2018. “Reclaimed Carbon and Flax Fibre Composites: Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties.” Recycling 3 (4): 52.10.3390/recycling3040052Search in Google Scholar
Meyer, L. O., K. Schulte, and E. Grove-Nielsen. 2009. “CFRP-Recycling following a Pyrolysis Route: Process Optimization and Potentials.” Journal of Composite Materials 43 (9): 1121–32.10.1177/0021998308097737Search in Google Scholar
Morales Ibarra, R., M. Sasaki, M. Goto, A. T. Quitain, S. M. García Montes, and J. A. Aguilar-Garib. 2015. “Carbon Fiber Recovery Using Water and Benzyl Alcohol in Subcritical and Supercritical Conditions for Chemical Recycling of Thermoset Composite Materials.” Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 17 (2): 369–79.10.1007/s10163-014-0252-zSearch in Google Scholar
Okajima, I., M. Hiramatsu, Y. Shimamura, T. Awaya, and T. Sako. 2014. “Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Using Supercritical Methanol.” The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 91: 68–76.10.1016/j.supflu.2014.04.011Search in Google Scholar
Okajima, I., and T. Sako. 2017. “Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Using Supercritical and Subcritical Fluids.” Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 19 (1): 15–20.10.1007/s10163-015-0412-9Search in Google Scholar
Piñero-Hernanz, R., J. García-Serna, C. Dodds, J. Hyde, M. Poliakoff, M. J. Cocero, S. Kingman, S. Pickering, and E. Lester. 2008a. “Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fibre Composites Using Alcohols under Subcritical and Supercritical Conditions.” The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 46 (1): 83–92.10.1016/j.supflu.2008.02.008Search in Google Scholar
Piñero-Hernanz, Raul, C. Dodds, J. Hyde, J. García-Serna, M. Poliakoff, E. Lester, M. J. Cocero, S. Kingman, S. Pickering, and K. H. Wong. 2008b. “Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites in Nearcritical and Supercritical Water.” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 39 (3): 454–61.10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.01.001Search in Google Scholar
Qi, N., H. Zhang, K. Zhang, G. Xu, and Y. Yang. 2013. “CFD Simulation of Particle Suspension in a Stirred Tank.” Particuology 11 (3): 317–26.10.1016/j.partic.2012.03.003Search in Google Scholar
Sbrizzai, F., V. Lavezzo, R. Verzicco, M. Campolo, and A. Soldati. 2006. “Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Particle Dispersion in an Unbaffled Stirred-tank Reactor.” Chemical Engineering Science 61 (9): 2843–51.10.1016/j.ces.2005.10.073Search in Google Scholar
Sun, Q. F. 2007. “The Design and Optimization of Stirred Tank Bioreactor.” Harbin Institute of Technology.Search in Google Scholar
Tamburini, A., A. Cipollina, G. Micale, A. Brucato, and M. Ciofalo. 2012. “CFD Simulations of Dense Solid–Liquid Suspensions in Baffled Stirred Tanks: Prediction of the Minimum Impeller Speed for Complete Suspension.” Chemical Engineering Journal 193–194: 234–55.10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.044Search in Google Scholar
Wang, Z. F., X. B. Huang, and L. T. Shi. 2002. “The Study of Non-Steady Temperature Distribution in Stirred Tank with Different Plasma.” Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities 16: 609–13. .Search in Google Scholar
Yuyan, L., S. Guohua, and M. Linghui. 2009. “Recycling of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites Using Water in Subcritical Conditions.” Materials Science and Engineering: A 520 (1–2): 179–83.10.1016/j.msea.2009.05.030Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Review
- Simulation of Particle Mixing and Separation in Multi-Component Fluidized Bed Using Eulerian-Eulerian Method: A Review
- Articles
- Acidic Functionalized Nanobohemite: An Active Catalyst for Methyl Ester Production
- Investigation on the Flow Field and Mixing Efficiency of a Stirred Tank Equipped with Improved Intermig Impellers
- Modeling and Testing of a Milli-Structured Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Methanation
- Catalytic Steam Gasification of Glucose for Hydrogen Production Using Stable Based Ni on a γ–Alumina Fluidizable Catalyst
- PIV Measurement and CFD Simulation of Liquid-Liquid Mixing in Mixer Settler with Rigid-Flexible Impeller
- Catalytic Synthesis of Monoglycerides by Glycerolysis of Triglycerides
- Exergy and Energy Analysis of Coal Gasification in Supercritical Water with External Recycle System
- CFD Study on the Flow Field and Power Characteristics in a Rushton Turbine Stirred Tank in Laminar Regime
- Numerical Simulation of Flow Distribution in the Reactor Used for CFRPs Degradation under Supercritical Condition
- Short Communication
- Rebuttal To: “On the Understanding of the Adsorption of 2-Phenylethanol on Polyurethane-Keratin Based Membranes” by Cordero-Soto et al. (Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 2017, 15 (5), Article Number: 20170103)
Articles in the same Issue
- Review
- Simulation of Particle Mixing and Separation in Multi-Component Fluidized Bed Using Eulerian-Eulerian Method: A Review
- Articles
- Acidic Functionalized Nanobohemite: An Active Catalyst for Methyl Ester Production
- Investigation on the Flow Field and Mixing Efficiency of a Stirred Tank Equipped with Improved Intermig Impellers
- Modeling and Testing of a Milli-Structured Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Methanation
- Catalytic Steam Gasification of Glucose for Hydrogen Production Using Stable Based Ni on a γ–Alumina Fluidizable Catalyst
- PIV Measurement and CFD Simulation of Liquid-Liquid Mixing in Mixer Settler with Rigid-Flexible Impeller
- Catalytic Synthesis of Monoglycerides by Glycerolysis of Triglycerides
- Exergy and Energy Analysis of Coal Gasification in Supercritical Water with External Recycle System
- CFD Study on the Flow Field and Power Characteristics in a Rushton Turbine Stirred Tank in Laminar Regime
- Numerical Simulation of Flow Distribution in the Reactor Used for CFRPs Degradation under Supercritical Condition
- Short Communication
- Rebuttal To: “On the Understanding of the Adsorption of 2-Phenylethanol on Polyurethane-Keratin Based Membranes” by Cordero-Soto et al. (Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 2017, 15 (5), Article Number: 20170103)
