Synthesis of Ethyl Phenol over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor
-
Renuka Saharan
Abstract
The selective synthesis of p-ethyl phenol in vapor phase alkylation of phenol with ethanol was investigated in a fixed bed flow reactor on cerium modified zeolite CeZSM5 at temperature 693 K. A series of cerium modified zeolite such as Ce4ZSM54, Ce6ZSM56, Ce8ZSM58, Ce10ZSM5 were prepared by modifying with 4 %, 6 %, 8 % and 10 % ceric ammonium nitrate solution respectively. HZSM-5 zeolite exchanged with 10 % cerium nitrate solution was proved to be the best of all the catalyst used. The modified catalyst was further characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. Phenol reacted with ethanol to form ethylphenyl ether by O-alkylation, and p-ethylphenol- and o-ethylphenol isomers by C-alkylation; secondary products were m-ethylphenol and dialkylated compounds. Reactions were carried out in the temperature 623 K–693 K, reactant mole ratio 0.2–0.5 over modified HZSM-5 zeolite. The optimum operating condition for maximum selectivity of p-ethyl phenol were EtOH to phenol mole ratio, 4:1; temperature, 623 K; space-time, 10.2 kg h/kmol and 1 atm pressure. A detailed kinetic study was carried out for the ethyl phenol synthesis reaction. From the product distribution pattern, a kinetic model for the reactions was proposed following the Langmuir–Hinshelwood approach. The kinetic and adsorption parameters of the rate equation were determined by non-linear regression analysis. From the kinetic analysis of the experimental data, the apparent activation energy for the reaction was determined as 43.27 kJ/mol.
Nomenclature
- HZSM
Hydrogen modified ZSM-5 zeolite
- k1,k2,k3
Kinetic constant, kgmol/kg h
- KET
adsorption constant for Ethanol, atm−1
- Kph
adsorption constant for phenol, atm-
- P
total pressure, atm
- pEt
partial pressure of ethanol, atm
- pph
Partial pressure of phenol,atm
- pp-EP
Para ethyl phenol, atm
- Po-EP
Ortho ethyl phenol, atm
- Pm-EP
Meta ethyl phenol, atm
- -rph
Rate of disappearance of phenol
- XET
moles of Ethanol reacted, kgmol
- XEPE
moles of Ethylphenyl Ether formed, kgmol
- Ea
Activation energy
- T
Temperature
- -rT
Rate of disappearance of toluene
Acknowledgements
One of the author Sanghamitra Barman is thankful to Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi (grant no. SB/FTP/ETA-160/2012). and Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology for funding to carry out this research work.
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Articles in the same Issue
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- Synthesis of Ethyl Phenol over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor
- Signal Synthesis Model Reference Adaptive Controller with Genetic Algorithm for a Control of Chemical Tank Reactor
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- Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of a Trickle-Bed Reactor for Hydrotreating of Petroleum Feedstock
- Improving Wastewater Nitrogen Removal and Reducing Effluent NOx--N by an Oxygen-Limited Process Consisting of a Sequencing Batch Reactor and a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor
- CFD Simulation of the Particle Dispersion Behavior and Mass Transfer–Reaction Kinetics in non-Newton Fluid with High Viscosity
- Comparison of Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange Approaches for Simulating Gas-Solid Flows in a Multiple-Spouted Bed
- Numerical Study of Coal Composition Effects on the Performance of Gasification Through Computational Fluid Dynamic
Articles in the same Issue
- Articles
- Mars van Krevelen Mechanism for the Selective Partial Oxidation of Ethane
- Multi-Objective Optimization of an ABE Fermentation System for Butanol Production as Biofuel
- Synthesis of Ethyl Phenol over Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor
- Signal Synthesis Model Reference Adaptive Controller with Genetic Algorithm for a Control of Chemical Tank Reactor
- Efficiency of Phosphotungstic Acid Modified Mn-Based Catalysts to Promote Activity and N2 Formation for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Ammonia
- Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of a Trickle-Bed Reactor for Hydrotreating of Petroleum Feedstock
- Improving Wastewater Nitrogen Removal and Reducing Effluent NOx--N by an Oxygen-Limited Process Consisting of a Sequencing Batch Reactor and a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor
- CFD Simulation of the Particle Dispersion Behavior and Mass Transfer–Reaction Kinetics in non-Newton Fluid with High Viscosity
- Comparison of Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange Approaches for Simulating Gas-Solid Flows in a Multiple-Spouted Bed
- Numerical Study of Coal Composition Effects on the Performance of Gasification Through Computational Fluid Dynamic
