Abstract
The acid activation of bentonite from Middle Anatolia, consisting of mostly montmorillonite, with a hot solution of H2SO4 with different concentrations was carried out. SEM images, nitrogen sorption isotherms and FTIR spectra were used to examine structural changes of the bentonite with acid activation. Acid–base titration method was applied to determine surface acidities. SEM images, nitrogen sorption isotherms indicated that the acid activation caused considerable increases both in the surface area and pore volumes by changing the morphology and aluminum content. FTIR spectra showed the enhancement both in Lewis and Brønsted acidities, significant increases in H–bonding to the structure with acid concentration. Acid treatment gave good structural properties with high surface acidity. Stable structured acid activated bentonite with 2 M was tested in catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of phenol together with raw bentonite. Around 96 % phenol removal was achieved in 135 minutes at reaction temperature of 50 °C while the raw bentonite did not show good results. The data were in agreement with the first order dependency with respect to phenol.
Acknowledgements
This work is partially funded by Research Fund BAP 06/2009-20 of Gazi University. The author wishes to express her greatest thanks to Ayşen Dağeri and Funda Turgut Başoğlu for their help in some part of experimental studies.
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© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Editorial
- To the Distinguished Contribution of Professor Gulsen Dogu and Professor Timur Dogu to Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Special Issue Articles
- Structural Property Improvements of Bentonite with Sulfuric Acid Activation and a Test in Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Phenol
- Effect of Surface Area and Micropore Volume of Activated Carbons from Coal by KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 Treatments on Methane Adsorption
- Using Volatile Organic Compounds in Waste Streams as Fuel
- Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonia for Hydrogen Production over Carbon Nanofiber Supported Fe and Mo Catalysts in a Microwave Heated Reactor
- Ethylene Hydrogenation in Pellets with Different Pore Structures, Measured in a One-Sided Single-Pellet Reactor
- Catalytic Performances of Bi-Metallic Ni-Co Catalysts in Acetic Acid Steam Reforming Reaction: Effect of Mg Incorporation
- PdIn Catalysts in a Continuous Fixed Bed Reactor for the Nitrate Removal from Groundwater
- Chemical Cross-Linking of 6FDA-6FPA Polyimides for Gas Permeation Membranes
- Revisiting Electrochemical Techniques to Characterize the Solid-State Diffusion Mechanism in Lithium-Ion Batteries
- Short Communications
- Effect of Non-Ideal Mixing on Heat Transfer of non-Newtonian Liquids in a Mechanically Agitated Vessel
Articles in the same Issue
- Editorial
- To the Distinguished Contribution of Professor Gulsen Dogu and Professor Timur Dogu to Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Special Issue Articles
- Structural Property Improvements of Bentonite with Sulfuric Acid Activation and a Test in Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Phenol
- Effect of Surface Area and Micropore Volume of Activated Carbons from Coal by KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 Treatments on Methane Adsorption
- Using Volatile Organic Compounds in Waste Streams as Fuel
- Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonia for Hydrogen Production over Carbon Nanofiber Supported Fe and Mo Catalysts in a Microwave Heated Reactor
- Ethylene Hydrogenation in Pellets with Different Pore Structures, Measured in a One-Sided Single-Pellet Reactor
- Catalytic Performances of Bi-Metallic Ni-Co Catalysts in Acetic Acid Steam Reforming Reaction: Effect of Mg Incorporation
- PdIn Catalysts in a Continuous Fixed Bed Reactor for the Nitrate Removal from Groundwater
- Chemical Cross-Linking of 6FDA-6FPA Polyimides for Gas Permeation Membranes
- Revisiting Electrochemical Techniques to Characterize the Solid-State Diffusion Mechanism in Lithium-Ion Batteries
- Short Communications
- Effect of Non-Ideal Mixing on Heat Transfer of non-Newtonian Liquids in a Mechanically Agitated Vessel