Synthesis and Modification of Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst with Solutions of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) for Methanol to Gasoline Conversion
Abstract
In this article, the ZSM-5 catalyst was used as the base catalyst and its structure was modified for conducting Methanol to Gasoline reactions. ZSM-5 catalyst reacts to the solutions with diverse concentrations of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and consequently, some changes were applied to its internal structure. Thus, Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) process was carried out under pressure of 1 atm, the temperature of 400°C, and specific surface area of 300 m2g-1 on synthetic zeolite ZSM-5 catalyst by a fixed-bed reactor. Structure and morphology of the synthesized catalyst were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, XRF and BET analyses. The effect of CaCO3 and Na2CO3 solutions used for catalyst modification on the distribution of hydrocarbon products were studied and compared to ZSM-5 catalyst. The result of catalyst activity evaluation tests shows that the modified catalyst with a 0.1 molar solution of CaCO3 and Na2CO3 provides the highest selectivity and efficiency compared to the hydrocarbons in boiling point range of C6+ gasoline.
NOMENCLATURE
- T:
temperature [°C]
- id:
internal diameter [mm]
- FA0:
molar flowrate of methanol [cc/min]
- W:
weight of catalyst [g]
References
Amereh, M., M. Haghighi, and P. Estifaee. 2018. “The Potential Use of HNO3- Treated Clinoptilolite in the Preparation of Pt/CeO2-Clinoptilolite Nanostructured Catalyst Used in Toluene Abatement from Waste Gas Stream at Low Temperature.” Arabian Journal of Chemistry 11: 81–90.10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.02.003Search in Google Scholar
Aghaei, E., and M. Haghighi. 2014. “Enhancement of Catalytic Lifetime of Nanostructured SAPO-34 in Conversion of Biomethanol to Light Olefins.” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 196: 179–190.10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.05.011Search in Google Scholar
Al-Yassir, N., and R. Le Van Mao. 2006. “Physico-Chemical Properties of Mixed Molybdenum and Cerium Oxides Supported on Silica-Alumina and Their Use as Catalysts in the Thermal-Catalytic Cracking (TCC) of n-Hexane.” Applied Catalysis A: General 305: 130.10.1016/j.apcata.2006.02.054Search in Google Scholar
Bi, Y., Y. Wang, Y. Wei, Y. He, Z. Yu, Z. Liu, and L. Xu. 2014. “Toluene with Methanol Over the Modified HZSM‐5 Catalyst.” ChemCatChem 6: 713–718.10.1002/cctc.201301072Search in Google Scholar
Bjorgen, M., S. Svelle, F. Joensen, J. Nerlov, S. Kolboe, F. Bonino, L. Palumbo, S. Bordiga, and U. Olsbye. 2007. “Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons over Zeolite H-ZSM-5: On the Origin of the Olefinic Species.” Journal of Catalysis 249: 195–207.10.1016/j.jcat.2007.04.006Search in Google Scholar
Du, X., L. J. France, V. L. Kuznetsov, T. Xiao, P. P. Edwards, H. Al Megren, and A. Bagabas. 2014. “Dry Reforming of Methane over ZrO2-Supported Co–Mo Carbide Catalyst.” Applications Petrochem Researcher 4: 137–144.10.1007/s13203-014-0060-3Search in Google Scholar
Estifaee, P., M. Haghighi, A. A. Babaluo, N. Rahemi, and M. F. Jafari. 2014. “The Beneficial Use of Non-Thermal Plasma in Synthesis of Ni/Al2O3eMgO Nanocatalyst Used in Hydrogen Production from Reforming of CH4/CO2 Greenhouse Gases.” Journal Power Sources 257: 364e373.10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.128Search in Google Scholar
Fathi, S., M. Sohrabi, and C. Falamaki. 2014. “Improvement of HZSM-5 Performance by Alkaline Treatments: Comparative Catalytic Study in the MTG Reactions.” Fuel 116: 529–537.10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.036Search in Google Scholar
Fellah, M. F., and I. Onal. 2011. “C–H Bond Activation of Methane on M- and MO-ZSM-5 (M = Ag, Au, Cu, Rh and Ru) Clusters: A Density Functional Theory Study.” Catalysis Today 171: 52–59.10.1016/j.cattod.2011.04.001Search in Google Scholar
Ferreira, M., S. Al-Bogami, and H. de Lasa. 2015. “Self Diffusivity of n-Dodecane and Benzothiophene in ZSM-5 Zeolites. Its Significance for a New Catalytic Light Diesel Desulfurization Process.” International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14 (3): 737–748.10.1515/ijcre-2015-0129Search in Google Scholar
Gregg, SJ, and KSW. Sing. 1967. Adsorption, Surface Area, and Porosity. London: Academic Press.10.1149/1.2426447Search in Google Scholar
Gregg, S. J., and K. S. W. Sing. 1982. Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity., 2nd ed. London: Academic Press.Search in Google Scholar
Hagey, L., and H. de Lasa. 2004. “Conversion of Synthesis Gas into Light Hydrocarbons. Modelling of the Catalytic Reaction Network.” International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2 (1): Article A9. DOI: 10.2202/1542-6580.1103.Search in Google Scholar
Kianfar, E, M Salimi, V Pirouzfar, and B. Koohestani. 2017. “Synthesis of Modified Catalyst and Stabilization of CuO/NH4-ZSM-5 for Conversion of Methanol to Gasoline.” International Journal Applications Ceram Technological 1–8. doi:10.1111/ijac.12830.Search in Google Scholar
Li, X., B. Shen, Q. Guo, and J. Gao. 2007. “Effects of Large Pore Zeolite Additions in the Catalytic Pyrolysis Catalyst on the Light Olefins Production.” Catalysis Today 125: 270.10.1016/j.cattod.2007.03.021Search in Google Scholar
Liu, Bonan, Liam France, Chen Wu, Zheng Jiang, Vladimir L. Kuznetsov, Hamid A. Al-Megren, Mohammed Al-Kinany, Saud A. Aldrees, Tiancun Xiaoa, and Peter P. Edwards. 2015. “Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons Conversion over MoO3/H-ZSM-5 Catalysts Prepared via Lower Temperature Calcination: Route to Tailor the Distribution and Evolution of Promoter Mo Species, and their Corresponding Catalytic Properties.” Journal of Chemical Sciences 6: 5152.10.1039/C5SC01825KSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Mena Subiranas, A., and G. Schaub. 2007. “Combining Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and Hydrocarbon Reactions under FT Reaction Conditions – Catalyst and Reactor Studies with Co or Fe and Pt/ZSM-5.” International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 5 (1): Article A78. DOI: 10.2202/1542-6580.1522.Search in Google Scholar
Rahemi, N., M. Haghighi, A. A. Babaluo, and M. Fallah Jafari. 2014. “Syngas Production via CO2 Reforming of Methane over Plasma Assisted Synthesized Ni-Co/Al2O3eZrO2 Nanocatalysts with Different Ni-Loadings.” International Journal Energy Researcher 38: 765–779.10.1002/er.3084Search in Google Scholar
Rownaghi, Ali A., and Jonas Hedlund. 2011. “Methanol to Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons: Influence of Nanocrystal Size and Mesoporosity on Catalytic Performance and Product Distribution of ZSM-5.” Industrial Engineering Chemical Researcher 50 (21): 11872–11878.10.1021/ie201549jSearch in Google Scholar
Sengupta, S., D. Ghosal, J. Basu, et al. 2012 . “Chemical Modification of HZSM-5 for Selective Methylation.” International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 10 (1): Article A22 . DOI: 10.1515/1542-6580.2607.Search in Google Scholar
Shirazi, L., E. Jamshidi, et al. 2008. “The Effect of Si/Al Ratio of ZSM-5 Zeolite on Its Morphology, Acidity and Crystal Size.” Cryst Researcher Technological 43 (12): 1300–1306.10.1002/crat.200800149Search in Google Scholar
Sing, K. S. W. 1985. “Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems with Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity (Recommendations 1984).” Pure and Applied Chemistry 57 (4): 603–619. DOI: 10.1351/pac198557040603.Search in Google Scholar
Svelle, S., F. Joensen, J. Nerlov, U. Olsbye, K. P. Lillerud, S. Kolboe, and M. Bjorgen. 2006. “Conversion of Methanol into Hydrocarbons over Zeolite H-ZSM-5: Ethene Formation Is Mechanistically Separated from the Formation of Higher Alkenes.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 128: 14770–14771.10.1021/ja065810aSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Tessonnier, J. P., B. Louis, S. Rigolet, M. J. Ledoux, and C. Pham-Huu. 2008. “Methane Dehydro-Aromatization on Mo/ZSM-5: About the Hidden Role of Brønsted Acid Sites.” Applications Catalysis A 336: 79–88.10.1016/j.apcata.2007.08.026Search in Google Scholar
Vo, D.-V. N., C. G. Cooper, T.-H. Nguyen, A. A. Adesina, and D. B. Bukur. 2012. “Evaluation of alumina-supported Mo carbide produced via propane carburization for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.” Fuel 93: 105–116.10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.015Search in Google Scholar
Yan, H. T., and R. Le Van Mao. 2010. “Hybrid Catalysts Used in the Catalytic Steam Cracking Process (CSC): Influence of the Pore Characteristics and the Surface Acidity Properties of the ZSM-5Zeolite-Based Component on the Overall Catalytic Performance.” Applied Catalysis A:General 375: 63.10.1016/j.apcata.2009.12.018Search in Google Scholar
Zaidi, H. A., and K. K. Pant. 2004. “Catalytic Conversion of Methanol to Gasoline Range Hydrocarbons.” Catalysis Today 96: 155–160.10.1016/j.cattod.2004.06.123Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, H., S. Shao, R. Xiao, D. Shen, and J. Zeng. 2014. “Characterization of Coke Deposition in the Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Derivates.” Energy Fuels 28: 52–57.10.1021/ef401458ySearch in Google Scholar
© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Synthesis and Modification of Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst with Solutions of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) for Methanol to Gasoline Conversion
- Hydrogen Generation in an Annular Micro-Reactor: An Experimental Investigation and Reaction Modelling by Shrinking Core Model (SCM)
- Fluidization in Supercritical Water: Heat Transfer between Particle and Supercritical Water
- Optimization of Process Parameters for Reactive Separation of Gallic Acid
- Intensification of the Production of 2-Ethyl-Hexyl Acrylate: Batch Kinetics and Reactive Distillation
- Hydrogen Generation in Water Splitting Reaction Using Aluminum: Effect of NaOH Concentration and Reaction Modelling Using SCM
- NOx process inhibition and energy efficiency improvement in new swirl modification device for steel slag based on coal combustion
- Study of Pyrolysis Behavior of Shenhua Coal Pretreated by Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate
- Catalytic Gasification – A Critical Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Methanation on a Ru/Al2O3 Catalyst
- A Green Process for Synthesis of Geraniol Esters by Immobilized Lipase from Candida Antarctica B Fraction in Non-Aqueous Reaction Media: Optimization and Kinetic Modeling
Articles in the same Issue
- Synthesis and Modification of Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst with Solutions of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) for Methanol to Gasoline Conversion
- Hydrogen Generation in an Annular Micro-Reactor: An Experimental Investigation and Reaction Modelling by Shrinking Core Model (SCM)
- Fluidization in Supercritical Water: Heat Transfer between Particle and Supercritical Water
- Optimization of Process Parameters for Reactive Separation of Gallic Acid
- Intensification of the Production of 2-Ethyl-Hexyl Acrylate: Batch Kinetics and Reactive Distillation
- Hydrogen Generation in Water Splitting Reaction Using Aluminum: Effect of NaOH Concentration and Reaction Modelling Using SCM
- NOx process inhibition and energy efficiency improvement in new swirl modification device for steel slag based on coal combustion
- Study of Pyrolysis Behavior of Shenhua Coal Pretreated by Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate
- Catalytic Gasification – A Critical Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Methanation on a Ru/Al2O3 Catalyst
- A Green Process for Synthesis of Geraniol Esters by Immobilized Lipase from Candida Antarctica B Fraction in Non-Aqueous Reaction Media: Optimization and Kinetic Modeling