Analysis of factors related to the resilience of street children in Surabaya City, Indonesia

Rizki Fitryasari; Hanik Endang Nihayati; Ah Yusuf; Tsuwaibatul Islamiyah; Setya Indah Hikmawati; Enggar Qurani Ayu; Rosita Agustin; Esther Ching-Lan Lin

doi:10.1515/ijamh-2022-0104

Enjoy 40% off

academic books on De Gruyter Brill *

Article

Analysis of factors related to the resilience of street children in Surabaya City, Indonesia

Rizki Fitryasari , Hanik Endang Nihayati , Ah Yusuf , Tsuwaibatul Islamiyah , Setya Indah Hikmawati , Enggar Qurani Ayu , Rosita Agustin and Esther Ching-Lan Lin

Published/Copyright: February 1, 2023

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Submit Manuscript Author Information Explore this Subject

From the journal International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health Volume 35 Issue 2

Abstract

Objectives

The inability to adapt to difficult and stressful situations in the environment leads to low resilience ability in street children. Knowing the influencing factors is important to help them achieve optimal resilience. This study aims to analyze the relationship between factors related to street children’s resilience.

Methods

This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was street children in two halfway-home in Surabaya (Kampung Anak Negeri and Sanggar Alang-Alang). The sample was 129 respondents obtained using simple random sampling. The independent variables were unpleasant past experience, antisocial behavior, level of depression, age, sex, length of time being street children and positive support. The dependent variable was resilience. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by Spearman Rho-test with p<0.05.

Results

The result showed, that unpleasant past experiences (p=0.00 and r= −0.313), level of depression (p=0.00 and r= −0.279) and positive support have an association with resilience (p=0.000 and r=0.331). The lowest unpleasant past experiences and depression levels and the higher positive support will make higher resiliency in street children.

Conclusions

This study has explained the unpleasant past experiences and depression levels as risk factors and the positive support as a supportive factor for street children’s resilience.

Keywords: adolescents; good-health; Indonesia; resilience; street children

Corresponding author: Rizki Fitryasari, Fundamental Nursing, Airlangga University Faculty of Nursing, Kampus C Unair Mulyorejo Street Surabaya, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia, E-mail: rizki-f-p-k@fkp.unair.ac.id

Funding source: Universitas Airlangga

Award Identifier / Grant number: Faculty of Nursing Universitas Airlangga Indonesia

Research funding: This research already funded by Faculty of Nursing Universitas Airlangga Indonesia for 2022 term.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. The entire research team was involved in the research process, starting from preparing the proposal (Rizki and Hanik), preparing research instruments (Rizki and Ah. Yusuf), data collection, processing, analysis and formulation of research results (Rizki, Islamiyah, Indah, Enggar, Rosita) and compiling publication articles (Rizki, Ah. Yusuf Enggar, Rosita).
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: The research has received ethical due diligence from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing Universitas Airlangga with number 2473-KEPK.

References

1. Sosial, D. Guidelines for the implementation of services for orphanages. Jakarta: Departemen Sosial; 2005.Search in Google Scholar

2. Astri, H. The live of street children: causative factors, way of life and vulnerability to have deviant behaviour. Aspirasi 2014;5:145–55.Search in Google Scholar

3. Suryanto, Herdiana, I, Chusairi, A. Early detection of psychological problem for street children by the foster parent in halfway houses. Insa J Psikol dan Kesehat Ment 2017;1:85. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpkm.v1i22016.85-96.Search in Google Scholar

4. Sosial, RIK. Caretekers of abandoned children need commitment[Internet]. Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan; 2020. Available from: https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/penanganan-anak-terlantar-butuh-komitmen [Accessed 1 Oct 2020].Search in Google Scholar

5. Watters, C, O’Callaghan, P. Mental health and psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents in street situations in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Child Abuse Neglect 2016;60:18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.09.002.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Hikmawati, SI. The relationship between mental emotional problem with quality of life of street children during pandemic Covid 19. Skripsi: Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga; 2021.Search in Google Scholar

7. Lutya, TM. Life style and routine activities of South African teenagers at risk of being trafficked for onvoluntari prostution. Pretoria: University of Pretoria; 2010.10.2989/17280583.2010.528578Search in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Wagnild, GM, Young, HM. Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. J Nurs Meas 1993;1:165–78.Search in Google Scholar

9. Hendriani, W. Psychological resilience: An introduction. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group; 2018.Search in Google Scholar

10. Patterson, JM. Integrating family resilience and family stress theory. J Marriage Fam 2002;64:349–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00349.x.Search in Google Scholar

11. Benzies, K, Mychasiuk, R. Fostering family resiliency: a review of the key protective factors. Child Fam Soc Work 2009;14:103–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2008.00586.x.Search in Google Scholar

12. Reivich, K, Shatté, A. The resilience factor: 7 essential skills for overcoming life’s inevitable obstacles. Newyork: Broadway Book; 2002:342 p.Search in Google Scholar

13. Narayan, AJ, Rivera, LM, Bernstein, RE, Harris, WW, Lieberman, AF. Positive childhood experiences predict less psychopathology and stress in pregnant women with childhood adversity: a pilot study of the benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) scale. Child Abuse Neglect 2018;78:19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.022.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

14. Felitti, V, Anda, R, Nordenberg, D. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. J Prev Med 1998;14:245–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Raine, A, Dodge, K, Loeber, R, Gatzke-kopp, L, Lynam, D, Reynolds, C, et al.. The reactive – proactive aggression questionnaire: differential correlates of reactive and proactive sggression in adolescent boys. Aggresive Behav 2006;32:159–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20115.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

16. Ginting, H, Naring, G, Van der veld, G, Srisayekti, W, Becker, E. Validating the back depression inventory-II in Indonesia general population and corronary hearth diseases patients. Int J Heal Psychol 2013;13:235–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1697-2600(13)70028-0.Search in Google Scholar

17. Taylor, S, Way, BM, Seeman, TE. Early adversity and adult health outcomes. Dev Psychopathol 2011;23:939–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000411.Search in Google Scholar

18. Daines, CL, Hansen, D, Novilla, MLB, Crandall, A. Effects of positive and negative childhood experiences on adult family health. BMC Publ Health 2021;21:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10732-w.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

19. Soleimanpour, S, Geierstanger, S, Brindis, CD. Adverse childhood experiences and resilience: addressing the unique needs of adolescents. Acad Pediatr 2017;17:S108–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2017.01.008.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Paykel, E. Basic concepts of depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2008;10:279–89. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2008.10.3/espaykel.Search in Google Scholar

21. Lenz, V, Quattropani, M, Musetti, A, Zenesini, C, Freda, M, Lemmo, D. Resilience contributes to low emotional impact of the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population in Italy. Front Psychol 2020;11:3062–74.10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576485Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

22. Foster, CE, Horwitz, A, Thomas, A, Opperman, K, Gipson, P, Burnside, A, et al.. Connectedness to family, school, peers, and community in socially vulnerable adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev 2017;81:321–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.011.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

23. Pfeifer, JH, Peake, SJ. Self-development: integrating cognitive, socioemotional, and neuroimaging perspectives. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2012;2:55–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2011.07.012.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

24. Hidayat, N, Nurhayati, S. The Effect of social support and hope on resilience in adolescents. Human 2019;10:219–25. https://doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v10i3.5852.Search in Google Scholar

25. Fergusson, D, Woodward, L. Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:225–31. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.59.3.225.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Özabac, N. Quality of life as a predictor of depression. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2010;2:2458–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.353.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2022-11-23

Accepted: 2023-01-17

Published Online: 2023-02-01

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2022-0104

Keywords for this article

adolescents; good-health; Indonesia; resilience; street children