Home The role of humor in social, psychological, and physical well-being
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

The role of humor in social, psychological, and physical well-being

  • Raquel Oliveira

    Raquel Oliveira is an author, academic editor and doctoral researcher investigating Technology Acceptance, Social Robotics and Humor. She has a bachelor’s degree in Psychology and a masters’ degree in Social and Organizational Psychology. She has several publications in conferences and journals in the fields of Psychology and Computer Science.

    ORCID logo EMAIL logo
    , Patrícia Arriaga

    Patrícia Arriaga graduated in Psychology, holds a master’s degree in “Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology”, and a Ph.D. in “Social and Organizational Psychology”. Currently, she is an Assistant Professor (with Habilitation) at ISCTE and a researcher at Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon (CIS-Iscte). She is involved in research related to the development of healthcare interventions to promote the wellbeing.

    ORCID logo
    and João Barreiros

    João Barreiros is a research Assistant in IELT, FCSH NOVA. He holds a PhD in Psychology (ISCTE, 2023), a bachelor’s degree in psychology (ISPA, 2010), and a Master in Social and Organizational Psychology (ISPA, 2013). He has been working as a research assistant in different research projects in the field of social psychology. His main research interest is prosocial behavior, in particular the relation between behavioral information and helping decision-making. He is also interested in cooperation, egoistic and altruistic motivations, empathy, and morality issues.

Published/Copyright: May 31, 2023

Abstract

Humor is a pervasive part of our daily lives that has several important social functions. Although past literature has suggested the existence of a link between certain components of humor and well-being, the extent and specific characteristics of this link are still unclear. To shed light on this issue, we conducted a scoping review of the literature through which we identified 128 publications examining the association between humor components (i.e., styles of humor, coping humor, sense of humor, comic styles, and laughter) and psychological, physical, social, and general well-being. Overall, findings support a clear positive relation between all components of humor and psychological well-being, and a less pronounced positive association between humor and physical, social, and general well-being.


Corresponding author: Raquel Oliveira, Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon (CIS-Iscte), INESC-ID (GAIPS), Lisbon, Portugal, E-mail:

Funding source: Carnegie Mellon Portugal

Award Identifier / Grant number: CMU/TIC/0055/2019

Award Identifier / Grant number: PD/BD/150570/2020

About the authors

Raquel Oliveira

Raquel Oliveira is an author, academic editor and doctoral researcher investigating Technology Acceptance, Social Robotics and Humor. She has a bachelor’s degree in Psychology and a masters’ degree in Social and Organizational Psychology. She has several publications in conferences and journals in the fields of Psychology and Computer Science.

Patrícia Arriaga

Patrícia Arriaga graduated in Psychology, holds a master’s degree in “Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology”, and a Ph.D. in “Social and Organizational Psychology”. Currently, she is an Assistant Professor (with Habilitation) at ISCTE and a researcher at Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon (CIS-Iscte). She is involved in research related to the development of healthcare interventions to promote the wellbeing.

João Barreiros

João Barreiros is a research Assistant in IELT, FCSH NOVA. He holds a PhD in Psychology (ISCTE, 2023), a bachelor’s degree in psychology (ISPA, 2010), and a Master in Social and Organizational Psychology (ISPA, 2013). He has been working as a research assistant in different research projects in the field of social psychology. His main research interest is prosocial behavior, in particular the relation between behavioral information and helping decision-making. He is also interested in cooperation, egoistic and altruistic motivations, empathy, and morality issues.

References

Abel, Millicent H. 2002. Humor, stress, and coping strategies. International Journal of Humor Research 15(4). 365–381. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.15.4.365.Search in Google Scholar

Booth-Butterfield, Steven & Melanie Booth-Butterfield. 1991. Individual differences in the communication of humorous messages. Southern Journal of Communication 56(3). 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417949109372831.Search in Google Scholar

Brief, Arthur P., Ann H. Butcher, Jennifer M. George & Karen E. Link. 1993. Integrating bottom-up and top-down theories of subjective well-being: The case of health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64(4). 646–653. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.646.Search in Google Scholar

Buecker, Susanne, Thomas Simacek, Britta Ingwersen, Sophia Terwiel & Binaca A. Simonsmeier. 2021. Physical activity and subjective well-being in healthy individuals: A meta-analytic review. Health Psychology Review 15(4). 574–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1760728.Search in Google Scholar

Butzer, Bethany & Nicholas A. Kuiper. 2008. Humor use in romantic relationships: The effects of relationship satisfaction and pleasant versus conflict situations. Journal of Psychology 142(3). 245–260. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.142.3.245-260.Search in Google Scholar

Cann, Arnie, Heather B. Davis & Christine L. Zapata. 2011. Humor styles and relationship satisfaction in dating couples: Perceived versus self-reported humor styles as predictors of satisfaction. International Journal of Humor Research 24(1). 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2011.001.Search in Google Scholar

Canty-Mitchell, Janie & Gregory Zimet. 2000. Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in urban adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology 28(3). 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005109522457.10.1023/A:1005109522457Search in Google Scholar

Capio, Catherine M., Cindy H. Sit & Bruce Abernarthy Abernethy. 2014. Physical well-being. Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong.10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2166Search in Google Scholar

Curran, Timothy, Anastacia Janovec & Kimberly Olsen. 2021. Making others laugh is the best medicine: Humor orientation, health outcomes, and the moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Health Communication 36(4). 468–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1700438.Search in Google Scholar

Diener, Ed, Eunkook M. Suh, Richard E. Lucas & Heidi L. Smith. 1999. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin 125(2). 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276.Search in Google Scholar

Diener, Ed. 2002. Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In Shane J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (eds.), Handbook of positive psychology, vol. 2, 63–73. New York: Oxford Library of Psychology.10.1093/oso/9780195135336.003.0005Search in Google Scholar

Dionigi, Alberto, Mirko Duradoni & Laura Vagnoli. 2021. Humor and anxiety: The relationship between the comic styles, worry and general well-being. Personality and Individual Differences 181. 111028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111028.Search in Google Scholar

Edwards, Kim R. & Rod A. Martin. 2014. The conceptualization, measurement, and role of humor as a character strength in positive psychology. Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10(3). 505–519. https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.1100.Search in Google Scholar

Elshakry, Marwa. 2010. When science became Western: Historiographical reflections. Isis 101(1). 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1086/652691.Search in Google Scholar

Emmons, Robert A. 1991. Personal strivings, daily life events, and psychological and physical well-being. Journal of Personality 59(3). 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00256.x.Search in Google Scholar

Emmons, Robert A. & Laura A. King. 1988. Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54(6). 1040–1048. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1040.Search in Google Scholar

Fredrickson, Barbara. L. 2001. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist 56(3). 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218.Search in Google Scholar

Fredrickson, Barbara. L. 2004. The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions. In Felicia A. Huppert, Nick Bailys & Keverne Barry (eds.), The science of well-being: Integrating neurobiology, psychology and social science, 1367–1377. Oxford: Royal Society.10.1098/rstb.2004.1512Search in Google Scholar

Fredrickson, Barbara. L. 2013. Positive emotions broaden and build. In Patricia Devine & Ashby Plant (eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 47, 1–53. San Diego, USA: Academic Press.10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2Search in Google Scholar

Gervais, Matthew & David Sloan Wilson. 2005. The evolution and functions of laughter and humor: A synthetic approach. The Quarterly Review of Biology 80(4). 395–430. https://doi.org/10.1086/498281.Search in Google Scholar

Gonot-Schoupinsky, Freda N. & Gulcan Garip. 2018. Laughter and humour interventions for well-being in older adults: A systematic review and intervention classification. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 38. 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.04.009.Search in Google Scholar

Hall, Jeffrey A. 2013. Humor in long-term romantic relationships: The association of general humor styles and relationship-specific functions with relationship satisfaction. Western Journal of Communication 77(3). 272–292.https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2012.757796.Search in Google Scholar

Hills, Peter & Michael Argyle. 2002. The Oxford happiness questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences 33(7). 1073–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00213-6.Search in Google Scholar

Jiang, Feng, Su Lu, Tonglin Jiang & Heqi Jia. 2020. Does the relation between humor styles and subjective well-being vary across culture and age? A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology 11. 2213. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02213.Search in Google Scholar

Keyes, Corey L. M. 2007. Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. American Psychologist 62(2). 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95.Search in Google Scholar

Kiefer, Ruth Ann. 2008. An integrative review of the concept of well-being. Holistic Nursing Practice 22(5). 244–252. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HNP.0000334915.16186.b2.Search in Google Scholar

Maki, Shannon M., Melanie Booth-Butterfield & Audra McMullen. 2012. Does our humor affect us?: An examination of a dyad’s humor orientation. Communication Quarterly 60(5). 649–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2012.725006.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, G. Neil & Erin Sullivan. 2013. Sense of humor across cultures: A comparison of British, Australian and American respondents. North American Journal of Psychology 15(2). 375–384.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, Rod A., Patricia Puhlik-Doris, Gwen Larsen, Jeanette Gray & Kelly Weir. 2003. Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality 37(1). 48–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00534-2.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, Rod A. & Thomas E. Ford. 2018. The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Oxford: Academic press.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, Rod A. & H. M. Lefcourt. 1984. Situational humor response questionnaire: Quantitative measure of sense of humor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47(1). 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.1.145.Search in Google Scholar

McKee-Ryan, Frances, Zhaoli Song, Connie R. Wanberg & Angelo J. Kinicki. 2005. Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Applied Psychology 90(1). 53–76. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53.Search in Google Scholar

McDowell, Ian. 2006. Measuring health: A guide to rating scales and questionnaires. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

McGuinness, Luke A. & Julian P. T. Higgins. 2020. Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Research Synthesis Methods 12(1). 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1411.Search in Google Scholar

Mora-Ripoll, Ramon. 2011. Potential health benefits of simulated laughter: A narrative review of the literature and recommendations for future research. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 19(3). 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2011.05.003.Search in Google Scholar

Morgan, Rebecca L., Kristina A. Thayer, Nancy Santesso, Alison C. Holloway, Robyn Blain, Sorina E. Eftim & GRADE Working Group. 2019. A risk of bias instrument for non-randomized studies of exposures: A users’ guide to its application in the context of GRADE. Environment International 122. 168–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.004.Search in Google Scholar

Müller, Liliane & Willibald Ruch. 2011. Humor and strengths of character. The Journal of Positive Psychology 6(5). 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.592508.Search in Google Scholar

Nezlek, John B. & Peter Derks. 2001. Use of humor as a coping mechanism, psychological adjustment, and social interaction. International Jornal of Humor Research 4(4). 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2001.011.Search in Google Scholar

Oades, Lindsay & Lara Mossman. 2017. The science of wellbeing and positive psychology. In Mike Slade, Lindsay Oades & Aaron Jarden (eds.), Wellbeing, Recovery and Mental Health, 7–23. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781316339275.003Search in Google Scholar

Oliveira, Raquel & Patrícia Arriaga. 2022. A systematic review of the effects of laughter on blood pressure and heart rate variability. International Jornal of Humor Research 35(2). 135–167. https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2021-0111.Search in Google Scholar

Page, Matthew J., David Moher, Patrick M. Bossuyt, Isabelle Boutron, Tammy C. Hoffmann, Cynthia D. Mulrow, Joanne McKenzie, Elie A Akl, Sue E Brennan, Roger Chou, Julie Glanville, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Manoj M Lalu, Tianjing Li, Elizabeth W Loder, Evan Mayo-Wilson, Steve McDonald, Luke A McGuinness, Lesley A Stewart, James Thomas, Andrea C Tricco, Vivian A Welch & Penny Whiting. 2021. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting. BMJ 372. n160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160.Search in Google Scholar

Park, Nansook, Christopher Peterson & Martin E. P. Seligman. 2004a. Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23. 603–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760600619567.Search in Google Scholar

Park, Nansook, Christopher Peterson & Martin E. P. Seligman. 2004b. Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23(5). 603–619. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410.Search in Google Scholar

Park, Nansook, Christopher Peterson & Martin E. P. Seligman. 2006. Character strengths in fifty-four nations and the fifty US states. The Journal of Positive Psychology 1. 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760600619567.Search in Google Scholar

Peterson, Christopher, Willibald Ruch, Ursula Beermann, Nansook Park & Martin E. P. Seligman. 2007. Strengths of character, orientation to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology 2. 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228938.Search in Google Scholar

Peterson, Christopher & Martin E. P. Seligman. 2006. The values in action (VIA) classification of strengths. In Christopher Peterson (ed.), A life worth living: Contributions to positive psychology, 29–48. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195176797.003.0003Search in Google Scholar

Provine, R. Robert. 2004. Laughing, tickling, and the evolution of speech and self. Current Directions in Psychological Science 13(6). 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00311.x.Search in Google Scholar

Provine, R. Robert & Karen Emmorey. 2006. Laughter among deaf signers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 11(4). 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enl008.Search in Google Scholar

Raibley, Jason R. 2012. Happiness is not well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies 13(6). 1105–1129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9309-z.Search in Google Scholar

Rojas, Mariano. 2007. The complexity of well-being: A life-satisfaction conception and a domains-of-life approach. Researching well-being in developing countries, 259–280. Delmenhorst: Economic & Social Research Council.10.1017/CBO9780511488986.013Search in Google Scholar

Ruch, Willibald. 2008. The psychology of humor. In Victor Raskin (ed.), The Primer of Humor Research, 17–100. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110198492.17Search in Google Scholar

Ruch, Willibald. 2010. The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic. New York: Walter de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar

Ruch, Willibald, Sonja Heintz, Tracey Platt, Lisa Wagner & T RenéProyer. 2018. Broadening humor: Comic styles differentially tap into temperament, character, and ability. Frontiers in Psychology 9. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.0000.Search in Google Scholar

Ryan, Richard & Edward L. Deci. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist 55(1). 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.Search in Google Scholar

Ryff, Carol D. 1989. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57(6). 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069.Search in Google Scholar

Ryff, Carol D. & Corey Lee K. Keyes. 1995. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69(4). 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719.Search in Google Scholar

Savage, Brandon. M., Heidi L. Lujan, Raghavendar R. Thipparthi & Stephen E. DiCarlo. 2017. Humor, laughter, learning, and health! A brief review. Advances in Physiology Education 41(3). 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00030.2017.Search in Google Scholar

Scheier, Michael F. & Charles S. Carver. 1992. Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research 16(2). 201–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173489.Search in Google Scholar

Schneider, Martha, Martin Voracek & Ulrich S. Tran. 2018. “A joke a day keeps the doctor away?” Meta‐analytical evidence of differential associations of habitual humor styles with mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 59(3). 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12432.Search in Google Scholar

Scott, Sophie K., Nadine Lavan, Sinead Chen & C. Carolyn McGettigan. 2014. The social life of laughter. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 18(2). 618–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.09.002.Search in Google Scholar

Seligman, Martin E. P. 2018. PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology 13(4). 333–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466.Search in Google Scholar

Seligman, Martin E. P. & Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. 2014. Positive psychology: An introduction flow and the foundations of positive psychology, 279–298. Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_18Search in Google Scholar

Solomon, Sheldon. 2006. Self-esteem is central to human well-being. Self-esteem, issues and answers. In Michael H. Kernis (ed.), A sourcebook of current perspectives, 254–260. New York: Psychology Press.Search in Google Scholar

Sommerfeldt, Sasha L., Stacey M. Schaefer, Markus Brauer, Carol D. Ryff & J. RichardDavidson. 2019. Individual differences in the association between subjective stress and heart rate are related to psychological and physical well-being. Psychological Science 30(7). 1016–1029. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619849555.Search in Google Scholar

Suoqiao, Q. 2007. Translating ‘humor’ into Chinese culture. International Journal of Humor Research 20(3). 277–295. https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMOR.2007.014.Search in Google Scholar

Svebak, Sven. 2010. The sense of humor questionnaire: Conceptualization and review of 40 Years of findings in empirical research. Europe’s Journal of Psychology 6(3). 288–310. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v6i3.218.Search in Google Scholar

Vettin, Julia & Dietmar Todt. 2004. Laughter in conversation: Features of occurrence and acoustic structure. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 28(2). 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JONB.0000023654.73558.72.10.1023/B:JONB.0000023654.73558.72Search in Google Scholar

Wood, Adrienne & Paula Niedenthal. 2018. Developing a social functional account of laughter. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 12(4). e12383. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12383.Search in Google Scholar

Wrench, Jason S. & James C. McCroskey. 2001. A temperamental understanding of humor communication and exhilaratability. Communication Quarterly 49(2). 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370109385622.Search in Google Scholar

Yim, Jong Eun. 2016. Therapeutic benefits of laughter in mental health: A theoretical review. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 239(3). 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.239.243.Search in Google Scholar

Yoon, Hye Jin. 2018. Creating the mood for humor: Arousal level priming in humor advertising. Journal of Consumer Marketing 35(5). 491–505. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-01-2017-2074.Search in Google Scholar

Yovetich, Nancy A., Alexander Dale & A Mary. 1990. Benefits of humor in reduction of threat-induced anxiety. Psychological Reports 66(1). 51–58. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.66.1.51.Search in Google Scholar

Yue, Xiaodong, Feng Jiang, Su Lu & Neelam Hiranandani. 2016. To be or not to be humorous? Cross cultural perspectives on humor. Frontiers in Psychology 7. 1495. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01495.Search in Google Scholar


Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2022-0072).


Received: 2022-08-01
Accepted: 2023-01-29
Published Online: 2023-05-31
Published in Print: 2023-08-28

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 27.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/humor-2022-0072/html
Scroll to top button