Home Structural functions of the targeted joke: Iranian modernity and the Qazvini man as predatory homosexual
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Structural functions of the targeted joke: Iranian modernity and the Qazvini man as predatory homosexual

  • Mostafa Abedinifard

    Mostafa Abedinifard is a faculty member in the Department of English at MacEwan University. He completed his PhD in Comparative Literature in the Department of Modern Languages and Cultural Studies at the University of Alberta, with a dissertation entitled “Humor and Gender Hegemony: The Panoptical Role of Ridicule vis-à-vis Gender” (2015). His current research, which is transnational and interdisciplinary in scope, is in masculinities studies, humor studies, and disability studies. He has published articles on gender and humor in Cultural Sociology, The European Journal of Humor Research, Iranian Studies, and Social Semiotics, among other journals. Mostafa is currently developing a monograph on gender, sexuality, and ethnicity in modern Iranian humor, while also guest-editing a special issue of Iran Namag, in English and Persian, on the topic of Iranian men and masculinities.

    EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 4, 2016

Abstract

Focusing on the disciplinary function of humor as an understudied subject in humor studies, this article addresses Qazvini jokes – the contemporary Persian joke cycle targeting men from the Iranian city of Qazvin – as mainstream gender humor that uses ridicule as a means of supporting heteronormativity and fueling homophobia. Adopting an historical-analytical approach and considering examples of and references to Qazvini jokes, I argue that the joke series likely originated as a disciplinary tool to buttress the emerging heteronormative gender order of early modern Iranian society. Contextualized instances of these jokes not only illustrate that this punitive function has endured to the present but also indicate their ongoing homophobic role. This argument problematizes the claim made in humor studies that jokes have no social consequences. Qazvini jokes may be inconsequential in the limited sense that they might not affect attitudes toward their direct targets – that is, individual men of Qazvin – yet their heteronormalizing and homophobic functions clearly speak to larger social structures within Iranian society and culture. This form of ethnic humor both adheres to and informs Iran’s prevailing gender and sexuality norms; as such, in this broader sense, the jokes may indeed have far-reaching consequences.

About the author

Mostafa Abedinifard

Mostafa Abedinifard is a faculty member in the Department of English at MacEwan University. He completed his PhD in Comparative Literature in the Department of Modern Languages and Cultural Studies at the University of Alberta, with a dissertation entitled “Humor and Gender Hegemony: The Panoptical Role of Ridicule vis-à-vis Gender” (2015). His current research, which is transnational and interdisciplinary in scope, is in masculinities studies, humor studies, and disability studies. He has published articles on gender and humor in Cultural Sociology, The European Journal of Humor Research, Iranian Studies, and Social Semiotics, among other journals. Mostafa is currently developing a monograph on gender, sexuality, and ethnicity in modern Iranian humor, while also guest-editing a special issue of Iran Namag, in English and Persian, on the topic of Iranian men and masculinities.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Rasoul Aliakbari, Sahar Allamezade, Mike Lloyd, and Neeraj Prakash for their helpful feedback on earlier versions of this article. He is also grateful to the anonymous reviewers and the journal editor, who made invaluable comments and suggestions, and to Marco Katz Montiel, who edited the author’s English translations of the jokes.

References

Abedinifard, Mostafa. 2016. Ridicule, gender hegemony, and the disciplinary function of mainstream gender humour. In Simon Weaver, Raul Mora & Karen Morgan (eds.), Gender and humor. [Special issue]. Social Semiotics 26(3). 234–249.Search in Google Scholar

Afary, Janet. 2009. Sexual politics in modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511815249Search in Google Scholar

Appleton, Brian H. 2009. Tales from the zirzameen. N.p.: Dorrance.Search in Google Scholar

Baraheni, Reza. 1977. The crowned cannibals: Writings on repression in Iran. New York: Vintage. 19–84.Search in Google Scholar

Behzadi Anduhjerdi, Hossein. 1999 [1378]. Tanz va Tanz-Pardazi dar Iran [Humor and satire in Iran] Tehran: Sadugh.Search in Google Scholar

Billig, Michael. 2005. Laughter and ridicule: Towards a social critique of humour. London: Sage.10.4135/9781446211779Search in Google Scholar

Bing, Janet & Joanne Scheibman. 2014. Feminist humor as thought experiment: Blended spaces as subversive humor. In Delia Chiaro & Raffaella Baccolini (eds.), Gender and Humor: Interdisciplinary and International Perspectives, 13–29. New York: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Bromberger, Christian. 1994. Eating habits and cultural boundaries in northern Iran. In Sami Zubaida & Richard Tapper (eds.), Culinary cultures of the Middle East, 185–201. London: I.B. Tauris.Search in Google Scholar

Bromberger, Christian. 2009. Usual topics: Taboo themes and new objects in Iranian anthropology. In Shahnaz R. Najmabadi (ed.), Conceptualizing Iranian anthropology: Past and present perspectives, 195–206. New York: Berghahn.Search in Google Scholar

Brookshaw, Dominic Parviz. 2012. Have you heard the one about the man from Qazvin? Regionalist humor in the works of ‘Ubayd-i Zakani. In Dominic Parviz Brookshaw (ed.), Ruse and wit: The humorous in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish narrative, 44–69. Boston: Ilex Foundation.Search in Google Scholar

Burke, Andrew & Mark Elliott. 2008. Iran. Footscray, Australia: Lonely Planet.Search in Google Scholar

Chiaro, Delia & Raffaella Baccolini (eds.). 2014. Gender and humor: Interdisciplinary and international perspectives. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9781315814322Search in Google Scholar

Davies, Christie. 1990. Ethnic humor around the world: A comparative analysis. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Davies, Christie. 2007. Humor and protest: Jokes under communism. International Review of Social History 52(S15). 291–305.10.1017/S0020859007003252Search in Google Scholar

Davies, Christie. 2008. Undertaking the comparative study of humor. In Viktor Raskin (ed.), The primer of humor research, 157–182. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110198492.157Search in Google Scholar

Davies, Christie. 2011. Jokes and targets. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary. s.v. Bacheh-baz. http://www.loghatnaameh.org/dehkhodaworddetail-8d75842124234b5e9d37a6308edd8489-fa.html (accessed July 2011).Search in Google Scholar

Di Cintio, Marcello. 2006. Poets and pahlevans: A journey into the heart of Iran. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf Canada.Search in Google Scholar

Farb, Peter. 1974. Word play: What happens when people talk. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Search in Google Scholar

Farmayan, Hafez & Elton L. Daniel (eds.). 1990. A Shi’ite pilgrimage to Mecca 1885–1886. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Search in Google Scholar

Fine, Gary A. & Michaela de Soucey. 2005. Joking cultures: Humor themes as social regulation in group life. Humor 18(1). 1–22.10.1515/humr.2005.18.1.1Search in Google Scholar

Floor, Willem. 2008. A social history of sexual relations in Iran. Washington, DC: Mage.Search in Google Scholar

Halabi, Ali-Asghar. 1998 [1377]. Tarikh-e tanz va shukh-tab’i dar Iran va jahan-e eslami, ta ruzegar-e Obeyd-e Zakani [The history of satire and humor in Iran and the Islamic world, until Obeyd Zakani’s time]. Tehran: Entesharat-e Behbahani.Search in Google Scholar

Ignatius, David. 2009. The increment: A novel. New York: W. W. Norton.Search in Google Scholar

Janes, Leslie M. & James M. Olson. 2000. Jeer pressure: The behavioral effects of observing ridicule of others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26(4). 474–485.10.1177/0146167200266006Search in Google Scholar

Javadi, Hasan (trans.). 1985. Obeyd-e Zakani: Ethics of the aristocrats and other satirical works. Piedmont, CA: Jahan.Search in Google Scholar

Javadi, Hasan. 1988. Satire in Persian literature. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kuipers, Giselinde. 2008. The sociology of humor. In Viktor Raskin (ed.), The primer of humor research, 361–398. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110198492.361Search in Google Scholar

Kurtz, Steven P. 1999. Butterflies under cover: Cuban and Puerto Rican gay masculinities in Miami. Journal of Men’s Studies 7(3). 371–390.10.3149/jms.0703.371Search in Google Scholar

Lockyer, Sharon & Michael Pickering (eds.). 2005. Beyond a joke: The limits of humour. New York: Palgrave.10.1057/9780230236776Search in Google Scholar

Martin, Rod A. 2007. The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic.10.1016/B978-012372564-6/50024-1Search in Google Scholar

Milani, Farzaneh. 1992. Veils and words: The emerging voices of Iranian women writers. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Nabavi, Ebrahim. 2012. Kashkul-e Nabavi: Ahd-e jadid [Nabavi anthology: New testament]. United States: H&S Media.Search in Google Scholar

Najmabadi, Afsaneh. 2005. Women with mustaches and men without beards: Gender and sexual anxieties of Iranian modernity. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.10.1525/9780520931381Search in Google Scholar

Rappoport, Leon. 2005. Punchlines: The case for racial, ethnic, and gender humor. Westport, CT: Praeger.Search in Google Scholar

Raskin, Victor. 1985. Semantic mechanisms of humor. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.10.1007/978-94-009-6472-3Search in Google Scholar

Reed, Fred A. 1994. Persian postcards: Iran after Khomeini. Vancouver: Talonbooks.Search in Google Scholar

Roeckelein, Jon E. 2002. The psychology of humor: A reference guide and annotated bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood.Search in Google Scholar

Salahi, Emran. 2009 [1388]. Gozideh-i az nazarha-ye Emran-e Salahi: Az jok-e khandeh-dar ta jok-e mokharreb [A selection of Emran Salahi’s ideas: From humorous jokes to destructive jokes]. Behdasht-e Ravan va Jame’eh [Social and Psychological Health], Mordad [August]. 12–13.Search in Google Scholar

Seifikar, Palmis. 2003. Asses and cuckolds: Regional ethnic jokes from Iran. Berkeley, CA: University of California MA thesis.Search in Google Scholar

Sayf od-Dowleh, Soltan Mohammad. 1985 [1364]. Safarnameh-ye makkeh [Mecca pilgrimage]. Edited by Ali Akbar Khodaparast. Tehran: Nashr-e Ney.Search in Google Scholar

Sprachman, Paul. 1995. Suppressed Persian: An anthology of forbidden literature. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda.Search in Google Scholar

Vakili, Shervin. 2006 [1385]. Jame’eh-shenasi-e jok va khandeh [Sociology of jokes and laughter]. Tehran: Andisheh-Sara.Search in Google Scholar

Weaver, Simon. 2011. The rhetoric of racist humor: US, UK, and global race joking. Surrey, England: Ashgate.Search in Google Scholar

Wolf, Michael. 2002. A grasshopper walks into a bar: The role of humour in normativity. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 32(3). 330–343.10.1111/1468-5914.00190Search in Google Scholar

Ziv, Avner. 1984. Personality and sense of humor. New York: Springer.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2016-8-4
Published in Print: 2016-8-1

©2016 by De Gruyter Mouton

Downloaded on 21.11.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/humor-2016-0008/html
Scroll to top button