High Throughput Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Additive Manufactured High-Speed Steel
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M. Kahlert
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L. Hübner
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of metals by electron beam-based powder bed fusion (PBF-EB/M) is widely used for processing of numerous alloy systems. However, up to now there have been only a few studies investigating tool steels using PBF-EB/M. Due to high build chamber temperatures during processing, PBF-EB/M provides advantages for such steels. These conditions, for example, help to avoid cracks. In the present study, the high-speed steel (HSS) Böhler S390 Microclean (similar to M42, 1.3247) has been processed using PBF-EB/M. As a first step, two different parameter sets, i. e., two different resulting line energies and their effect on the resulting network-like cell structure, were investigated. Nanoindentation measurements revealed strong differences in hardness and elastic modulus between the network-like cell structures and the martensitic matrix, which could be attributed to the formation of carbides during solidification, which were probed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, monotonic tensile properties were characterized on specimens built with a parameter set adapted to the geometry in order to consider one of the most critical loading scenarios for the tool steel in focus. The investigations reveal a high tensile strength with relatively low elongation at fracture.
Kurzfassung
Die additive Fertigung von Metallen durch pulverbettbasiertes Elektronenstrahlschmelzen von Metall (PBF-EB/M) ist für die Prozessierung zahlreicher Legierungssysteme weit verbreitet. Bislang gibt es jedoch nur wenige Studien, die sich mit der Herstellung von Werkzeugstählen mittels PBF-EB/M befassen. PBF-EB/M verspricht hier aufgrund der hohen Temperatur während der Verarbeitung einige Vorteile, unter anderem die Vermeidung von Rissen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Schnellarbeitsstahl (HSS) Böhler S390 Microclean (ähnlich M42, 1.3247) untersucht. In einem ersten Schritt wurden zwei verschiedene Parametersätze, d. h. zwei verschiedene resultierende Linienenergien und deren Auswirkung auf die resultierende netzwerkartige Zellstruktur, untersucht. Messungen mittels Nanoindentation zeigten starke Unterschiede in Härte und Elastizitätsmodul zwischen den netzwerkartigen Zellstrukturen und der martensitischen Matrix. Diese konnten auf die Bildung von Karbiden während der Erstarrung zurückgeführt werden, die durch Analysen im Rasterelektronenmikroskop nachgewiesen wurden. Darüber hinaus wurden Zugversuche an Proben durchgeführt, in welchen die Parameter an die verwendete Probengeometrie angepasst wurde. Hierbei wurde die Zugbelastung als eines der kritischsten Belastungsszenarien für den betrachteten Werkzeugstahl gewählt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen eine hohe Zugfestigkeit bei relativ geringer Bruchdehnung.
Funding statement: This research received no external funding.
Funding statement: Für diese Forschung wurden keine externen Mittel bereitgestellt.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Stefan Leuders from voestalpine AG as well as Christoph Turk and Harald Leitner from BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG for supply of the powder material. Leonard Laabs, M.Sc. and Dominik Janoschka, M.Sc. are thanked for supporting the experimental work.
Danksagungen
Die Autoren danken Dr. Stefan Leuders von der voestalpine AG sowie Christoph Turk und Harald Leitner von der BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG für die Bereitstellung des Pulvermaterials. Leonard Laabs, M.Sc. und Dominik Janoschka, M.Sc. wird gedankt für die Unterstützung der experimentellen Arbeiten.
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Conflicts of interest:
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Interessenkonflikte:
Die Autoren erklären, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Authors᾽ Contribution:
Conceptualization, M. K. and T. N.; methodology, M. K.; validation, M. K., L. H., T. W., M. V. and T. N.; investigation, M. K. and L. H.; resources, T. N.; data curation, M. K.; writing—original draft preparation, M. K.; writing—review and editing, M. K., L. H., T. W., M. V. and T. N.; visualization, M. K.; supervision, M. V., T. W., and T. N.; project administration, T. N.; funding acquisition, T. N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Beitrag der Autoren:
Konzeptualisierung, M. K. und T. N.; Methodik, M. K.; Validierung, M. K., L. H., T. W., M. V. und T. N.; Untersuchung, M. K. und L. H.; Ressourcen, T. N.; Datenpflege, M. K.; Schreiben – Erstellung des Originalentwurfs, M. K.; Schreiben – Überprüfung und Bearbeitung, M. K., L. H., T. W., M. V. und T. N.; Visualisierung, M. K.; Aufsicht, M. V., T. W. und T. N.; Projektverwaltung, T. N.; Finanzierungsbeschaffung, T. N. Alle Autoren haben die veröffentlichte Version des Manuskripts gelesen und ihr zugestimmt.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Contents / Inhalt
- Analysis of Energy Requirements in Thermochemical Heat Treatment Using the Example of Gas Nitriding
- High Throughput Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Additive Manufactured High-Speed Steel
- Turning-Induced Residual Stresses in CoCr28Mo6 Dual Modular Hip Endoprostheses
- Imprint / Impressum
- Imprint / Impressum
- From and for Practice / Praxis-Informationen
- AWT-Info / HTM 01-2025
- HTM Praxis
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents / Inhalt
- Analysis of Energy Requirements in Thermochemical Heat Treatment Using the Example of Gas Nitriding
- High Throughput Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Additive Manufactured High-Speed Steel
- Turning-Induced Residual Stresses in CoCr28Mo6 Dual Modular Hip Endoprostheses
- Imprint / Impressum
- Imprint / Impressum
- From and for Practice / Praxis-Informationen
- AWT-Info / HTM 01-2025
- HTM Praxis
