Reciprocal role of hBD2 and hBD3 on the adaptive immune response by measuring T lymphocyte proliferation in terms of CD4 and CCR6 expression
-
Nima Taefehshokr
,
Alireza Isazadeh
Abstract
Background
Human β-defensins (hBD2 and hBD3) are small cationic antimicrobial peptides of innate immune system which can act as a barrier against the majority of pathogens, contributing to the host immune defence.
Objective
The aim of study is to determine whether hBD2 and hBD3 play a role in development and proliferation of human effector CD4 T cells or not. Furthermore, if enhanced proliferation is observed in the presence of hBD2 and hBD3, these data will demonstrate whether chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6) is required to be present for this activity to occur.
Methods
In this study, we examined the effect of hBD2 and hBD3 on CD4+ T cell proliferation in CCR6+ and CCR6− T cells through co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation in the presence or absence of hBD2 and hBD3. Proliferation was assessed using flow cytometry.
Results
It was demonstrated that, co-culture with hBD2 and hBD3 led to up-regulation of CD4+ T cell proliferation after 72 h whereas, CD4+ T cell proliferation was suppressed after 96 h. On the other hand, CCR6− and CCR6+ T cell proliferation was up-regulated after 72 h. But, CCR6+ only was down-regulated in the second cycle in the presence of hBD3. In contrast, after 96 h CCR6+ and CCR6− T cell proliferation was decreased.
Conclusion
Collectively, our data indicated that hBD2 and hBD3 play a positive and negative regulatory role in development and proliferation of human effector CD4+ T cells which is essential for optimal adaptive immune responses and the control of immunopathology.
Correction Note
This article has been retracted by the editors/the publisher due to suspected academic misconduct which has not been refuted by the authors.
Author Statement
Research funding: Authors state no funding was involved.
Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Ethical approval: The research related to human use complied with all the relevant national regulations and institutional policies and was performed in accordance to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and this experiment (13/LO/0296) has been approved by the City Road and Hampstead NHS research ethics committee.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Original Articles
- Irisin and myostatin responses to acute high-intensity interval exercise in humans
- Reciprocal role of hBD2 and hBD3 on the adaptive immune response by measuring T lymphocyte proliferation in terms of CD4 and CCR6 expression
- Usefulness of maternal fetal red blood cell count in rhesus-positive pregnant women
- Comparison of performing 12 weeks’ resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women: a randomized controlled trial
- Opinion Paper
- Oocyte-triggering day progesterone levels and endometrial appearance in normoresponders undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles: a hypothesis and a study protocol
Articles in the same Issue
- Original Articles
- Irisin and myostatin responses to acute high-intensity interval exercise in humans
- Reciprocal role of hBD2 and hBD3 on the adaptive immune response by measuring T lymphocyte proliferation in terms of CD4 and CCR6 expression
- Usefulness of maternal fetal red blood cell count in rhesus-positive pregnant women
- Comparison of performing 12 weeks’ resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women: a randomized controlled trial
- Opinion Paper
- Oocyte-triggering day progesterone levels and endometrial appearance in normoresponders undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles: a hypothesis and a study protocol
