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The role of perivascular adipose tissue in vasoconstriction, arterial stiffness, and aneurysm

  • Luis Villacorta and Lin Chang EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: February 18, 2015

Abstract

Since the “rediscovery” of brown adipose tissue in adult humans, significant scientific efforts are being pursued to identify the molecular mechanisms to promote a phenotypic change of white adipocytes into brown-like cells, a process called “browning”. It is well documented that white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and factors released from WAT influence the vascular function and positively correlate with cardiac arrest, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications. Similar to other fat depots, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine organ and anatomically surrounds vessels. Both brown-like and white-like PVAT secrete various adipokines, cytokines, and growth factors that either prevent or promote the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) depending on the relative abundance of each type and their bioactivity in the neighboring vasculature. Notably, pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity, hypertension, or diabetes, induce the imbalance of PVAT-derived vasoactive products that promote the infiltration of inflammatory cells. This then triggers derangements in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting in the development of vascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the contribution of PVAT in CVDs. Specifically, we summarize the current proposed roles of PVAT in relationship with vascular contractility, endothelial dysfunction, neointimal formation, arterial stiffness, and aneurysm.


Corresponding author: Dr. Lin Chang, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, NCRC026-353S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105 USA, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

There is no conflict of financial and/or other interest. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant HL122664 (L.C.).

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Received: 2014-12-23
Accepted: 2015-1-14
Published Online: 2015-2-18
Published in Print: 2015-2-1

©2015 by De Gruyter

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