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Enzymatic intracrine regulation of white adipose tissue

  • David DiSilvestro , Jennifer Petrosino , Ayat Aldoori , Emiliano Melgar-Bermudez , Alexandra Wells and Ouliana Ziouzenkova EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 3, 2014

Abstract

Abdominal fat formation has become a permanent risk factor for metabolic syndrome and various cancers in one-third of the world’s population of obese and even lean patients. Formation of abdominal fat involves additional mechanisms beyond an imbalance in energy intake and expenditure, which explains systemic obesity. In this review, we briefly summarized autonomous regulatory circuits that locally produce hormones from inactive precursors or nutrients for intra-/auto-/paracrine signaling in white adipose depots. Enzymatic pathways activating steroid and thyroid hormones in adipose depots were compared with enzymatic production of retinoic acid from vitamin A. We discussed the role of intracrine circuits in fat-depot functions and strategies to reduce abdominal adiposity through thermogenic adipocytes with interrupted generation of retinoic acid.


Corresponding author: Ouliana Ziouzenkova, PhD, 1787 Neil Avenue, 331A Campbell Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Phone: +614 292 5034, Fax: +614 292 8880, E-mail: ; and Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Egg Nutrition Center (American Egg Board); Novo Nordisk Science forum Early Exploration Award; the National Institutes of Health R21 OD017244–01; Food Innovation Center, Office for International Affairs and Center for Advanced Functional Foods Research and Entrepreneurship at OSU; and Daskal Foundation. The project described was supported by Award Number Grant UL1TR000090 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and the Cancer Center Support Grant (CA016058). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources or the National Institutes of Health.

Conflicts of interest statement:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2014-5-11
Accepted: 2014-5-28
Published Online: 2014-7-3
Published in Print: 2014-7-1

©2014 by De Gruyter

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