Wood density and chemical composition variation of Eucalyptus urophylla clone in different environments

Vaniele Bento dos Santos; Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha; João Filipi Rodrigues Guimarães; Leonardo Sarno Soares Oliveira; Maria Naruna Felix de Almeida; Nauan Ribeiro Marques Cirilo; Thayanne Caroline Castor Neto; Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho; Graziela Baptista Vidaurre

doi:10.1515/hf-2024-0022

Article

Wood density and chemical composition variation of Eucalyptus urophylla clone in different environments

, , , , , , , and

Published/Copyright: September 3, 2024

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Submit Manuscript Author Information Explore this Subject

From the journal Holzforschung Volume 78 Issue 10

Abstract

Variability in Eucalyptus wood density and chemical properties is crucial to understanding important factors for the forest-based industry, such as sampling methods and wood suitability as raw material. This study aimed to evaluate the basic density and chemical composition of the radial positions of young wood from the Eucalyptus urophylla clone grown under different precipitation levels. Trees from E. urophylla clonal plantations were collected in Inhambupe, Jandaíra and Itanagra, Bahia State, Brazil. Trees’ basic density and chemical composition (total extractive, lignin, hemicelluloses and α-cellulose) were determined based on the basal log of each tree, at four radial positions (1, 2, 3 and 4). It was found that the basic density and α-cellulose of wood are influenced by the cambial age and the site rainfall. There was greater increase in sections close to the bark (positions 1 and 4) and in more humid environments (sites Itanagra and Jandaríra). This finding highlights the association between wood basic density and chemical composition, mainly in the holocellulose content.

Keywords: wood quality; cellulose; density; rainfall index

Corresponding author: Vaniele Bento dos Santos, Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil, E-mail: vanielebento@hotmail.com

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Bracell Bahia for their partnership and acknowledge the financial support provided by the Cooperation CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)/FAPES (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo) – Programa de Desenvolvimento de Pós-Graduação (PDPG).

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Vaniele Bento dos Santos: data analysis, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, visualization, – original draft. Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha: conceptualization, project administration, writing – review & editing. João Filipi Rodrigues Guimarães: project administration. Leonardo Sarno Soares Oliveira: project administration. Maria Naruna Felix de Almeida: methodology, writing – review & editing. Nauan Ribeiro Marques Cirilo: methodology, visualization. Thayanne Caroline Castor Neto: writing – review & editing. Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho: writing – review & editing. Graziela Baptista Vidaurre: conceptualization, funding acquisition, supervision, writing – review & editing.
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: The authors are grateful for the financial support of Cooperation CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)/FAPES (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo) – Programa de Desenvolvimento de Pós-Graduação (PDPG), through the project “Consolidação dos Programas de Pós-Graduação da área de Ciências Agrárias do Estado do Espírito Santo – Ciências Florestais”, through Notice CAPES/FAPES No. 18/2020 (Oltorga Term No. 131/2021 e Process n° 2021-FDGS5), for the scholarship granted to Vaniele dos Santos; and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (FAPES) through the Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (PRONEX).
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

References

ABNT: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (2003). NBR 11941: Madeira: Determinação da densidade básica da madeira, Rio de Janeiro.Search in Google Scholar

Almeida, M.N.F., Vidaurre, G.B., Pezzopane, J.E.M., Lousada, J.L.P.C., Silva, M.E.C.M., Câmara, A.P., Rocha, S.M.G., de Oliveira, J.C.L., Campoe, O.C., Carneiro, R.L., et al.. (2020). Heartwood variation of Eucalyptus urophylla is influenced by climatic conditions. For. Ecol. Manage. 458: 117743, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117743.Search in Google Scholar

Almeida, M.N.F., Vidaurre, G.B., Louzada, J.L.P.C., Pezzopane, J.E.M., Oliveira, J.C.L., Câmara, A.P., Silva, M.E.C.M., Barros, A.I.R.N.A., Matos, C.C., Alves, A.M.M., et al.. (2022). Differences in wood anatomy and chemistry of a Eucalyptus urophylla clone explained by site climate conditions. Can. J. For. Res. 52: 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-0261.Search in Google Scholar

Alvares, C.A., Stape, J.L., Sentelhas, P.C., de Moraes Gonçalves, J.L., and Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorol. Z. 6: 711–728, https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507.Search in Google Scholar

Arantes, M.D.C., Trugilho, P.F., Lima, J.T., Carneiro, A.C.O., Alves, E., and Guerreiro, M.C. (2011). Longitudinal and radial variation of extractives and total lignin contents of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden × Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake. Cerne 17: 283–291, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-77602011000300001.Search in Google Scholar

Bikovens, O., Roze, L., Pranovich, A., Reunanen, M., and Telysheva, G. (2013). Chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from Grey Alder (Alnus incana). BioResources 8: 350–357, https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.1.350-357.Search in Google Scholar

Boland, D.J., Brooker, M.I.H., Chippendale, G.M., Hall, N., Hyland, B.P.M., Johnston, R.D., Kleinig, D.A., Mcdonald, M.W., and Turner, J.D. (2006). Forest trees of Australia, 5th ed. Csiro Publishing, Collingwood.10.1071/9780643069701Search in Google Scholar

Bonfatti Júnior, E.A., Lengowski, L.C., Cabral, M.B., Oliveira, T.W.G., Barros, J.M.R., Oliveira, R.S., Andrade, A.S., Klock, U., and Silva, D.A. (2023). Basic wood density, fiber dimensions, and wood chemical composition of four Eucalyptus species planted in southern Brazil. Rev. Arvore 47: e4704, https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820230000004.Search in Google Scholar

Boschetti, W.T.N., Vidaurre, G.B., and Silva, J.G.M. (2020) Densidade e sua variação na madeira de eucalipto. In: Vidaurre, G.B., Silva, J.G.M., Moulin, J.C., and Carneiro, A.C.O. (Eds.). Qualidade da madeira de eucalipto proveniente de plantações no Brasil. EDUFES, Vitória, pp. 132–170.Search in Google Scholar

Carvalho, W., Canilha, L., Ferraz, A., and Milagres, A.M.F. (2009). A vision of wood structure, composition and biodegradation, Brazil. Quim. Nova 32: 2191–2195, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000800033.Search in Google Scholar

Costa, A.C.S., Leal, C.S., Santos, L.C., Carvalho, A.M.M.L., Oliveira, A.C., and Pereira, B.L.C. (2017). Propriedades da madeira de cerne e alburno de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Braz. J. Wood Sci. 8: 10–20, https://doi.org/10.12953/2177-6830/rcm.v8n1p10-20.Search in Google Scholar

Couto, A.M., Protásio, T.DeP., Reis, A.A., and Trugilho, P.F. (2012). Amostragens longitudinais alternativas para a determinação da densidade básica em clones de Eucalyptus sp. Floresta e Ambiente 19: 184–193, https://doi.org/10.4322/floram.2012.022.Search in Google Scholar

dos Santos, V.B., da Conceição, G.J., Rodrigues, P.D., Cirilo, N.R.M., Almeida, M.N.F., Rocha, M.F.V., Guimarães, J.F.R., Carvalho, A.M.M.L., Gomes, F.J.B., Marcelino, P.R.C., et al.. (2024). Impact of age and genotype on the quality of Eucalyptus wood for dissolving pulp. Ind. Crops Prod. 218: 118930, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118930.Search in Google Scholar

Foelkel, C. (2015). Qualidade da madeira do eucalipto: reflexões acerca da utilização da densidade básica como indicador de qualidade da madeira no setor de base florestal, available at: https://www.eucalyptus.com.br/eucaliptos/PT41_Densidade_Basica_Madeira.pdf (Accessed 06 February 2024).Search in Google Scholar

Freitas, P.C., Sette Jr, C.R., Castro, V.R., Chaix, G., Laclau, J.P., and Tomazello Filho, M. (2015). Efeito da disponibilidade hídrica e da aplicação de potássio e sódio nas características anatômicas do lenho juvenil de Eucalyptus grandis. Rev. Arvore 39: 405–416, https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622015000200020.Search in Google Scholar

Gallo, R., Pantuza, I.B., dos Santos, G.A., de Resende, M.D.V., Xavier, A., Simiqueli, G.F., Baldin, T., dos Santos, O.P., and Valente, B.M.R.T. (2018). Growth, and wood quality traits in the genetic selection of potential Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden clones for pulp production. Ind. Crops Prod. 123: 434–441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.016.Search in Google Scholar

Gomide, J.L. and Demuner, B.J. (1986). Determinação do teor de lignina em material lenhoso: método Klason modificado. O papel 47: 36–38.Search in Google Scholar

Gomide, J.L., Colodette, J.L., de Oliveira, R.C., and Silva, C.M. (2005). Caracterização tecnológica, para produção de celulose, da nova geração de clones de Eucalyptus do Brasil. Rev. Arvore 29: 129–137, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-67622005000100014.Search in Google Scholar

Gonçalves, M.P.M., Coffler, R., Carvalho, A.M.de, and Garcia, R.A. (2007). Variação radial da densidade básica e comprimento das fibras da madeira de Tectona grandis L. Floresta e Ambiente 14: 70–75.Search in Google Scholar

Gonya, N.A.S., Naghizadeh, Z., and Wessels, C.B. (2022). An investigation into collapse and shrinkage behaviour of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis-urophylla wood. Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. 80: 139–157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-021-01748-5.Search in Google Scholar

Gouvêa, A.F.G., Gomes, C.M., Matos, L.M., Souza, T.A., Kumabe, F.J.B., and Benites, P.K.R.M. (2012). Efeito do sítio nas características tecnológicas da madeira de Eucalyptus para produção de celulose Kraft. Rev. Ciência da Madeira. 3: 102–115, https://doi.org/10.12953/2177-6830.v03n02a04.Search in Google Scholar

Guimarães, J.B., Mendes, M., Mendes, R.F., and Mori, F.A. (2009). Painéis compensado de eucalipto: estudo de caso de espécies e procedências. Cerne 15: 10–18.Search in Google Scholar

Harwood, C. (2011) New introduction doing it right. In: Walter, J. (Ed.). Developing a eucalypt resource: learning from Australia and elsewhere. Wood Technology Research Centre, ChristChurch, New Zealand, pp. 43–54.Search in Google Scholar

Hsing, T.Y., Paula, N.F., and Paula, R.C. (2016). Características dendrométricas, químicas e densidade básica da madeira de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Ciência Florestal 26: 273–283, https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509821119.Search in Google Scholar

IBÁ (2023). Relatório 2023: ano base 2022. Indústria Brasileira de Árvores.Search in Google Scholar

Klock, H. and Andrade, A.S. (2013). Química da Madeira, 4th ed. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba.Search in Google Scholar

Lachenbruch, B., Moore, J.R., and Evans, R. (2011) Radial variation in wood structure and function in woody plants, and hypotheses for its occurrence. In: Meinzer, F., Lachenbruch, B., and Dawson, T. (Eds.). Size- and age-related changes in tree structure and function. Tree physiology, Vol. IV. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 121–164.10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_5Search in Google Scholar

Leal, S., Pereira, H., Grabner, M., and Wimmer, R. (2003). Clonal and site variation of vessels in 7-year-old Eucalyptus globulus. IAWA J. 24: 185–195, https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000331.Search in Google Scholar

Leal, S., Pereira, H., Grabnerz, M., and Wimmert, R. (2004). Tree-ring structure and climatic effects in young Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Grown at two Portuguese sites: preliminary results. Dendrochronologia 21: 139–146, https://doi.org/10.1078/1125.7865.00046.Search in Google Scholar

Longui, E.L., Custódio, G.H., Amorim, E.P., Silva Júnior, F.G., Oda, S., and Souza, I.C.G. (2021). Differences in wood properties among Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy. Research, Soc. Dev. 10: e395101624035, https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.24035.Search in Google Scholar

Machado, S.A. and Figueiredo Filho, A. (2006). Dendrometria, 2nd ed. Editora Unicentro, Guarapuava.Search in Google Scholar

Mokfienski, A., Colodette, J.L., Gomide, J.L., and Carvalho, A.M.M.L. (2008). A importância relativa da densidade da madeira e do teor de carboidratos no rendimento de polpa e na qualidade do produto. Ciência Florestal 18: 401–413, https://doi.org/10.5902/19805098451.Search in Google Scholar

Oliveira, J.T.S. and Silva, J.C. (2003). Variação radial da retratibilidade e densidade básica da madeira de Eucalyptus saligna Sm. Rev. Árvore 27: 381–385, https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622003000300015.Search in Google Scholar

Oliveira, M.B., Abreu, H.S., and Pereira, R.B.W. (2009). Teor de lignina em plantas de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake tratadas com fitorreguladores. Silva Lusit. 17: 51–57.Search in Google Scholar

Paes, J.B., Medeiros Neto, P.N., Lima, C.R., Freitas, M.F., and Diniz, C.E.F. (2013). Efeitos dos extrativos e cinzas na resistência natural de quatro madeiras a cupins xilófagos. Cerne 19: 399–405, https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-77602013000300006.Search in Google Scholar

Pereira, H., Graça, J., and Rodrigues, J.C. (2003) Wood chemistry in relation to quality. In: Barnett, J.R., and Jeronimidis, G. (Eds.). Wood quality and its biological basis. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, pp. 53–86.Search in Google Scholar

Pimenta, E.M., Brito, E.G., dos, S., Gomes, P.F., Ramalho, F.M.G., Vidaurre, G.B., Couto, A.M., Campoe, O.C., and Hein, P.R.G. (2023). Planting spacing influences radial variation of basic density and chemical composition of wood from fast-growing young Eucalyptus plantations. Holzforschung 77: 657–669, https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0016.Search in Google Scholar

R Core Team (2020). R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.Search in Google Scholar

Rocha, S.M.G., Vidaurre, G.B., Pezzopane, J.E.M., Almeida, M.N.F., Carneiro, R.L., Campoe, O.C., Scolforo, H.F., Alvares, C.A., Neves, J.C.L., Xavier, A.C., et al.. (2020). Influence of climatic variations on production, biomass and density of wood in Eucalyptus clones of different species. For. Ecol. Manage. 473: 118290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118290.Search in Google Scholar

Santos, L.M.H., Almeida, M.N.F., da Silva, J.G.M., Vidaurre, G.B., Hein, P.R.G., da Silva, G.F., Zanuncio, A.J.V., Fraga Filho, C.V., Campinhos, E.N., Mafia, R.G., et al.. (2021). Variations in heartwood formation and wood density as a function of age and plant spacing in a fast-growing Eucalyptus plantation. Holzforschung 75: 979–988, https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2020-0215.Search in Google Scholar

Segura, T.E.S., Santos, J.R.S., Sarto, C., and Silva Jr, F.G. (2016). Effect of kappa number variation on modified pulping of Eucalyptus. Bioresources 11: 9842–9855, https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.4.9842-9855.Search in Google Scholar

Silvério, F.O., Barbosa, L.C.A., Maltha, C.R.A., Fidêncio, P.H., Cruz, M.P., Veloso, D.P., and Milanez, A.F. (2008). Effect of storage time on the composition and content of wood extractives in Eucalyptus cultivated in Brazil. Bioresourse Technol. 99: 4878–4886, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.066.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Soares, C.P.B., Paula Neto, F., and Souza, A.L. (2011). Dendrometria e inventário florestal. Editora UFV, Viçosa.Search in Google Scholar

TAPPI: Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (1997a). TAPPI T 204 cm-97: solvent extractives of wood and pulp.Search in Google Scholar

TAPPI: Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (1997b). TAPPI T 222 om-97: scid insoluble lignin in wood and pulp.Search in Google Scholar

TAPPI: Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (1997c). TAPPI 264 cm-97: preparation of wood for chemical analysis.Search in Google Scholar

TAPPI: Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (2009). TAPPI T 203 cm-09: alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cellulose in pulp.Search in Google Scholar

Trugilho, P.F., Lima, J.T., and Mendes, L.M. (1996). Influência da idade nas características físico-químicas e anatômicas da madeira de Eucalyptus saligna. Cerne 2: 94–111.Search in Google Scholar

Vidaurre, G.B., Lombardi, L.R., Oliveira, J.T., and Arantes, M.D.C. (2011). Lenho juvenil e adulto e as propriedades da madeira. Floram 18: 469–480, https://doi.org/10.4322/floram.2011.066.Search in Google Scholar

Vieira, T.A.S., Arriel, T.G., Zanuncio, A.J.V., Carvalho, A.G., Branco-Vieira, M., Carabineiro, S.A.C., and Trugilho, P.F. (2021). Determination of the chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. for cellulosic pulp production. Forests 12: 1649, https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121649.Search in Google Scholar

Wiemann, M.C. and Williamson, G.B. (2013). Biomass determination using wood specific gravity from increment cores. Gen. Tech. Rep. 225: 1–9, https://doi.org/10.2737/FPL-GTR-225.Search in Google Scholar

Wise, L. (1946). Chlorite holocellulose, its fractionation and bearing on summative wood analysis and on studies on the hemicelluloses. Tech. Assoc. Pap. 29: 210–218.Search in Google Scholar

Zanuncio, A.J.V., Carvalho, A.G., Carneiro, A.C.O., Colodette, J.L., and Rocha, M.F.V. (2019). Chemical and energetic characterization of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones subject to wind damage. Rev. Árvore 43: e430401, https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882019000400001.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2024-03-22

Accepted: 2024-08-13

Published Online: 2024-09-03

Published in Print: 2024-10-28

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2024-0022

Keywords for this article

wood quality; cellulose; density; rainfall index