Skip to main content
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Ethyl xylosides formation in SEW (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw; implications for ethanol and xylose recovery

  • and EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 14, 2017
Holzforschung
From the journal Holzforschung Volume 71 Issue 12

Abstract

High solvent recovery and monomeric sugar yield are essential for a viable biochemical conversion technology. The SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) or AVAP® process has great potential to produce easily fermentable pulp fibers and sugars dissolved in the spent liquor stream. The SEW fractionation process is evaluated for delignification, xylan removal and potential reactions between ethanol and sugarcane straw (SCS) carbohydrates. α-ethyl-xyloside (aEX) and β-ethyl-xyloside (bEX) formed by reaction of ethanol with xylose are quantified. The fractionation experiments are carried out at 135°C, 145°C, and 155°C for 20–120 min at fixed liquor composition (SO2/EtOH/H2O=12:44:44, w/w) and liquor to feedstock ratio (4 l kg−1). The results are interpreted in terms of combined severity factor (CSF). Maximum ethyl xylosides (EX, or sum of aEX and bEX) and monomeric xylose concentrations are observed at CSF of 2.4±0.1. The maximum amount of EX in spent liquor accounts for nearly 1.4% of EtOH (feedstock basis). The implications for downstream recovery of EtOH and sugars from the spent liquor are discussed.

Keywords: AVAP®; biomass conversion; combined severity factor (CSF); ethyl xylosides; furfural; humins; organosolv process; SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation; spent liquor; sugarcane straw; xylan mass balance

Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Fulbright Association and the J. Larcom Ober Chair, University of Maine Orono, ME, USA is highly appreciated. We are also thankful to Thomaston, GA, biorefinery of API for providing feedstock material for this research, and to Dr. Mikhail Iakovlev of API for his insightful and helpful suggestions for our research.

References

Abatzoglou, N., Chornet, E., Belkacemi, K. (1992) Phenomenological kinetics of complex systems: the development of a generalized severity parameter and its application to lignocellulosics fractionation. Chem. Eng. Sci. 47:1109–1122.10.1016/0009-2509(92)80235-5Search in Google Scholar

Bishop, C.T., Cooper, F.P. (1962) Glycosidation of sugars: formation of methyl-D-xylosides. Can. J. Chem. 40:224–232.10.1139/v62-038Search in Google Scholar

Bishop, C.T., Cooper, F.P. (1963) Glycosidation of sugars: II. Methanolysis of D-xylose, D-arabinose, D-lyxose and D-ribose. Can. J. Chem. 41:2743–2758.10.1139/v63-405Search in Google Scholar

Chagas, A.L.S. (2014) Socio-economic and ambient impacts of sugarcane expansion in Brazil: Effects of second generation ethanol production. In: Biofuels in Brazil- Fundamental Aspects, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives. Eds. da Silva, S.S., Chandel, A.K. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. pp. 69–83.10.1007/978-3-319-05020-1_4Search in Google Scholar

Chum, H.L., Johnson, D.K., Black, S.K. (1990) Organosolv pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of poplars. 2. Catalyst effects and the combined severity parameter. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 29:156–162.10.1021/ie00098a003Search in Google Scholar

Davis, M.W. (1998) A rapid modified method for compositional carbohydrate analysis of lignocellulosics by high pH anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperiometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). J. Wood Chem. Technol. 18:235–252.10.1080/02773819809349579Search in Google Scholar

Díaz, M.J., Huijgen, W.J.J., van der Laan, R.R., Reith, J.H., Cara, C., Castro, E. (2011) Organosolv pretreatment of olive tree biomass for fermentable sugars. Holzforschung 65:177–183.10.1515/hf.2011.030Search in Google Scholar

Drouet, P., Zhang, M., Legoy, M.D. (1994) Enzymatic synthesis of alkyl β-D-xylosides by transxylosylation and reverse hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43:1075–1080.10.1002/bit.260431110Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (2014). FAOSTAT Database, Rome, Italy. Available at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Accessed on February 2017.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Foust, T.D., Aden, A., Dutta, A., Phillips, S. (2009) An economical and environmental comparison of a biochemical and a thermochemical lignocellulosic ethanol conversion processes. Cellulose 16:547–565.10.1007/s10570-009-9317-xSearch in Google Scholar

Garrote, G., Parajo, J.C., Dominguez, H. (1999) Hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials. Holz Roh-Werkstoff. 57:191–202.10.1007/s001070050039Search in Google Scholar

Grisel, R., van der Waal, J., de Jong, E., Huijgen, W. (2014) Acid catalysed alcoholysis of wheat straw: Towards second generation furan derivatives. Catal. Today 223:3–10.10.1016/j.cattod.2013.07.008Search in Google Scholar

Hu, X., Lievens, C., Li, C.-Z. (2012) Acid-catalyzed conversion of xylose in methanol rich medium as part of biorefinery. ChemSusChem 5:1427–1434.10.1002/cssc.201100745Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Hu, X., Westerhof, R.J., Dong, D., Wu, L., Li, C.-Z. (2014) Acid-catalyzed conversion of xylose in 20 solvents: Insight into interactions of the solvents with xylose, furfural, and the acid catalyst. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2:2562–2575.10.1021/sc5004659Search in Google Scholar

Iakovlev, M., van Heiningen, A. (2012) Efficient fractionation of spruce by SO2-ethanol-water: closed mass balances for carbohydrates and sulfur. ChemSusChem 5:1625–1637.10.1002/cssc.201100600Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Iakovlev, M., Pääkkönen, T., van Heiningen, A. (2009) Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water pulping of spruce. 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008. Holzforschung 63:779–784.10.1515/HF.2009.109Search in Google Scholar

Iakovlev, M., Sixta, H., van Heiningen, A. (2011) SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) Pulping: II. Kinetics for spruce, beech, and wheat straw. J. Wood. Chem. Technol. 31:250–266.10.1080/02773813.2010.523162Search in Google Scholar

Kangas, H., Liitiä, T., Rovio, S., Ohra-aho, T., Heikkinen, H., Tamminen, T., Poppius-Levlin, K. (2015) Characterization of dissolved lignins from acetic acid Lignofibre (LGF) organosolv pulping and discussion of its delignification mechanisms. Holzforschung 69:247–256.10.1515/hf-2014-0070Search in Google Scholar

Kühnel, I., Podschun, J., Saake, B., Lehnen, R. (2015) Synthesis of lignin polyols via oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate. Holzforschung 69:531–538.10.1515/hf-2014-0068Search in Google Scholar

Lancefield, C.S., Panovic, I., Deuss, P.J., Barta, K., Westwood, N.J. (2017) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks using biorenewable alcohols: Towards complete biomass valorization. Green Chem. 19:202–214.10.1039/C6GC02739CSearch in Google Scholar

Lane, J. (2014) GranBio starts cellulosic ethanol production at 21 million gallon plant in Alagoas, Brazil, Biofuels Digest. Available at: http://www.biofuelsdigest.com. Accessed on October 2016.10.1016/S1351-4180(14)70469-6Search in Google Scholar

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Standard (2012) NPEL/TP 510-42618, Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass.Search in Google Scholar

Overend, R.P., Chornet, E. (1987) Fractionation of lignocellulosics by steam-aqueous pretreatments [and discussion]. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 321:523–536.10.1098/rsta.1987.0029Search in Google Scholar

Retsina, T., Pylkkanen, V. (2013) Separation of lignin from hydrolyzate. US patent US 8585863B2 granted 11.19.2013.Search in Google Scholar

Rowell, R.M., Han, J.S., Rowell, J.S. (2000) Characterization and factors affecting fiber properties. In: Natural Polymers and Agrofibers based Composites. Eds. Elisabete, F., Alcides, L. L., Mattoso, H.C. Embrapa Agricultural Instrumentation, Brazil. pp. 115–134.Search in Google Scholar

Saad, M.B.W., Oliveira, L.R.M., Candido, R.G., Quintana, G., Rocha, G.J.M., Goncalves, A.R. (2008) Preliminary studies on fungal treatment of sugarcane straw for organosolv pulping. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 43:220–225.10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.03.006Search in Google Scholar

Scandinavian Standard (2000) SCAN-C 1:00, Chemical pulp: Kappa number.Search in Google Scholar

Scandinavian Standard (2003) SCAN-CM 49:03, Content of acetone-soluble matter.Search in Google Scholar

Sklavounos, E., Iakovlev, M., van Heiningen, A. (2013) Study on conditioning of SO2-ethanol-water spent liquor from spruce chips/softwood biomass for ABE fermentation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52:4351–4359.10.1021/ie303126xSearch in Google Scholar

Tappi Standard (2002) T211. Om-02, Ash in wood, pulp, paper and paperboard: combustion at 525°C.Search in Google Scholar

Wildschut, J., Smith, A.T., Reith, J.H., Wouter, J.H. (2013) Ethanol-based organosolv fractionation of wheat straw for the production of lignin and enzymatically digestible cellulose. Bioresour. Technol. 135:58–66.10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.050Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Yamamoto, M. (2014) SO2-ethanol-water fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of forest biomass. School of Chemical Technology, Helsinki. Available at http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-5823-8.Search in Google Scholar

Yamamoto, M., Iakovlev, M., van Heiningen, A. (2011) Total mass balances of SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of forest biomass. Holzforschung 65:559–565.10.1515/hf.2011.098Search in Google Scholar

Yamamoto, M., Iakovlev, M., van Heiningen, A. (2014) Kinetics of SO2-ethnaol-water (SEW) fractionation of hardwood and softwood biomass. Bioresour. Technol. 155:307–313.10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.100Search in Google Scholar PubMed

You, X., van Heiningen, A., Sixta, H., Iakovlev, M. (2016) Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP) fractionation of sugarcane straw. Bioresour. Technol. 212:111–119.10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zhang, Z., Harrison, M.D., Rackemann, D.W., Doherty, W.O., O’Hara, I.M. (2016) Organosolv pretreatment of plant biomass for enhanced enzymatic saccharification. Green Chem. 18:360–381.10.1039/C5GC02034DSearch in Google Scholar

Zhou, H., Zhu, J.Y., Gleisner, R., Qiu, X., Horn, E., Negrón, J. (2016) Pilot-scale demonstration of SPORL for bioconversion of lodgepole pine to bioethanol and lignosulfonate. Holzforschung 70:21–30.10.1515/hf-2014-0332Search in Google Scholar

Supplemental Material:

The online version of this article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0041) offers supplementary material, available to authorized users.

Received: 2017-3-8
Accepted: 2017-6-12
Published Online: 2017-7-14
Published in Print: 2017-11-27

©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Transcriptomic analysis of juvenile wood formation during the growing season in Pinus canariensis
  4. The phylogenetic analysis of Dalbergia (Fabaceae: Papilionaceae) based on different DNA barcodes
  5. Ethyl xylosides formation in SEW (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw; implications for ethanol and xylose recovery
  6. Studies on non-phenolic lignans in alkaline cooking
  7. The composition and chemical alteration of gums in the vessels of Phellodendron amurense
  8. Measurement of the shear moduli of spruce by torsional vibration tests using a pair of specimens with different aspect ratios
  9. Determination of mode I and mode II fracture toughness of walnut and cherry in TR and RT crack propagation system by the Arcan test
  10. Wood-cement inhibition revisited and development of new wood-cement inhibitory and compatibility indices based on twelve wood species
https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0041
Keywords for this article
AVAP®; biomass conversion; combined severity factor (CSF); ethyl xylosides; furfural; humins; organosolv process; SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation; spent liquor; sugarcane straw; xylan mass balance

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Transcriptomic analysis of juvenile wood formation during the growing season in Pinus canariensis
  4. The phylogenetic analysis of Dalbergia (Fabaceae: Papilionaceae) based on different DNA barcodes
  5. Ethyl xylosides formation in SEW (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw; implications for ethanol and xylose recovery
  6. Studies on non-phenolic lignans in alkaline cooking
  7. The composition and chemical alteration of gums in the vessels of Phellodendron amurense
  8. Measurement of the shear moduli of spruce by torsional vibration tests using a pair of specimens with different aspect ratios
  9. Determination of mode I and mode II fracture toughness of walnut and cherry in TR and RT crack propagation system by the Arcan test
  10. Wood-cement inhibition revisited and development of new wood-cement inhibitory and compatibility indices based on twelve wood species
Downloaded on 28.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2017-0041/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button