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Chemical characterization of cork and phloem from Douglas fir outer bark

  • Joana P.A. Ferreira ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Isabel Miranda , Jorge Gominho ORCID logo and Helena Pereira
Published/Copyright: September 17, 2015
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Abstract

Cork and phloem from Pseudotsuga menziesii outer bark were separated, fractionated and the 40- to 60-mesh fractions chemically analyzed. Cork and phloem showed a different grinding behavior with the highest yields for cork and phloem, respectively, for the 40- to 60-mesh fraction (31.4%) and the <0.180-mm fraction (49.2%). Cork chemical composition was (% o.d. mass): ash 0.9%; extractives 29.2% (mostly polar, 23.5%); lignin 16.8%, and suberin 36.2%. Polysaccharides (16.9%) contained glucose (55.4% of total neutral carbohydrates), xylose (13.3%), mannose, arabinose, and galactose as minor components. Lipophilic and suberin extracts from cork and phloem were analyzed by GC-MS, directly and after alkaline hydrolysis. In cork, catechin was the major compound identified in the lipophilic extract, accompanied by ferulic acid and acylglycerols. In phloem, β-sitosterol was the major compound. The content of fatty alcohols and fatty acids increased after hydrolysis confirming their esterification in both extracts. Suberin from P. menziesii cork is rich in saturated ω-hydroxyacids (ω-hydroxyacids 36.2%, α,ω-diacids 18.6%, alkanoic acids 6.2%, and alkanols 8.7%), being different from suberin of Quercus suber where α,ω-diacids are dominant.


Corresponding author: Joana P.A. Ferreira, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal, e-mail: .

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors – COMPETE under the project NewCork 38363 and is part of the activities at the Strategic Project (UID/AGR/00239/2013) of Centro de Estudos Florestais, a research unit supported by the national funding of FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. We thank Joaquina Silva for her help in the chemical laboratory.

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Received: 2015-5-18
Accepted: 2015-8-24
Published Online: 2015-9-17
Published in Print: 2016-5-1

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