Preparation of lignin-containing porous microspheres through the copolymerization of lignin acrylate derivatives with styrene and divinylbenzene
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Beata Podkościelna
Abstract
A novel method for synthesizing microspheres from lignin or lignin acrylate derivatives through copolymerization with styrene (St) and divinylbenzene (DVB) has been developed. The copolymers were obtained by the emulsion-suspension polymerization with a constant molar ratio of DVB to St of 1:1 (w/w) and different amounts of lignin or its derivatives. The morphologies of the obtained materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Two types of lignin modifications were performed to introduce vinyl groups into the lignin molecules: modification with acrylic acid and modification with epichlorohydrin plus acrylic acid. The course of modification was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal stability and degradation behavior of the obtained microspheres were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and the pore structure was characterized via nitrogen sorption experiments. Owing to the presence of specific functional groups and the well-developed pore structure, the obtained Lignin-St-DVB microspheres may have potential application as specific sorbents for the removal of phenolic pollutants from water, as demonstrated by the solid-phase extraction technique.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the following institutions for supporting the conduct of this study: the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation in association with the Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), The Swedish Institute (Baltic Sea cooperation program, project 001-3053), and the Cost Action FP1105 WoodCellNet.
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©2015 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Effect of hydroxide and sulfite ion concentration in alkaline sulfite anthraquinone (ASA) pulping – a comparative study
- Novel insight in carbohydrate degradation during alkaline treatment
- Activated hydrogen peroxide decolorization of a model azo dye-colored pulp
- Effects of inorganic salts on the degradation of 2,5-dihydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone as a key chromophore in pulps by hydrogen peroxide under basic conditions
- Analysis of degradation products in rayon spinning baths
- Effect of cellulase-assisted refining on the thermal degradation of bleached high-density paper
- Synthesis and characterization of functionalized 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan derivatives
- Hydrophobic materials based on cotton linter cellulose and an epoxy-activated polyester derived from a suberin monomer
- Depolymerization of cellulose during cold acidic chlorite treatment
- Enhanced stability of PVA electrospun fibers in water by adding cellulose nanocrystals
- Micro-nanoparticle gels obtained from bark for their use alone and with chitosan and Na-CMC in paper coatings
- Conversion of sulfur-free black liquor into fuel gas by supercritical water gasification
- Modification of acid hydrolysis lignin for value-added applications by micronization followed by hydrothermal alkaline treatment
- Preparation of lignin-containing porous microspheres through the copolymerization of lignin acrylate derivatives with styrene and divinylbenzene
- Wood-based activated carbons for supercapacitors with organic electrolyte
- Functionality and physico-chemical characteristics of wheat straw lignin, Biolignin™, derivatives formed in the oxypropylation process
- Antioxidant activity of various lignins and lignin-related phenylpropanoid units with high and low molecular weight
- Characterization of technical lignins by NMR spectroscopy: optimization of functional group analysis by 31P NMR spectroscopy
- Chemical composition of volatiles extracted from indigenous tree species of Uganda: composition of bark extracts from Psorospermum febrifugum and Milicia excelsa
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Effect of hydroxide and sulfite ion concentration in alkaline sulfite anthraquinone (ASA) pulping – a comparative study
- Novel insight in carbohydrate degradation during alkaline treatment
- Activated hydrogen peroxide decolorization of a model azo dye-colored pulp
- Effects of inorganic salts on the degradation of 2,5-dihydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone as a key chromophore in pulps by hydrogen peroxide under basic conditions
- Analysis of degradation products in rayon spinning baths
- Effect of cellulase-assisted refining on the thermal degradation of bleached high-density paper
- Synthesis and characterization of functionalized 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan derivatives
- Hydrophobic materials based on cotton linter cellulose and an epoxy-activated polyester derived from a suberin monomer
- Depolymerization of cellulose during cold acidic chlorite treatment
- Enhanced stability of PVA electrospun fibers in water by adding cellulose nanocrystals
- Micro-nanoparticle gels obtained from bark for their use alone and with chitosan and Na-CMC in paper coatings
- Conversion of sulfur-free black liquor into fuel gas by supercritical water gasification
- Modification of acid hydrolysis lignin for value-added applications by micronization followed by hydrothermal alkaline treatment
- Preparation of lignin-containing porous microspheres through the copolymerization of lignin acrylate derivatives with styrene and divinylbenzene
- Wood-based activated carbons for supercapacitors with organic electrolyte
- Functionality and physico-chemical characteristics of wheat straw lignin, Biolignin™, derivatives formed in the oxypropylation process
- Antioxidant activity of various lignins and lignin-related phenylpropanoid units with high and low molecular weight
- Characterization of technical lignins by NMR spectroscopy: optimization of functional group analysis by 31P NMR spectroscopy
- Chemical composition of volatiles extracted from indigenous tree species of Uganda: composition of bark extracts from Psorospermum febrifugum and Milicia excelsa
