Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) can Influence the Microbial Cenosis in Sunflower Rhizosphere

V. A. Lyakh; N. I. Kostyuchenko; I. A. Shevchenko

doi:10.1515/helia-2018-0014

Article

Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) can Influence the Microbial Cenosis in Sunflower Rhizosphere

V. A. Lyakh , N. I. Kostyuchenko and I. A. Shevchenko

Published/Copyright: July 24, 2019

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From the journal Helia Volume 42 Issue 71

Abstract

The bacterial and micromycete complexes in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants non-infected and infected with broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) have been compared. The investigations were carried out in the conditions of a stationary infectious field which was annually enriched with infected plant residues and broomrape seeds collected in different regions of Ukraine. Soil is leached, low-humic chernozem with acidic pH. The soil samples selected at the end of vegetation from the rhizosphere of healthy and infected with broomrape plants of sunflower breeding samples. The total number of bacteria found in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants infected by the parasite did not differ significantly from the control and was 11.7 and 12.1 million CFU / g of soil, respectively. The numbers of ammonifiers as well as bacterial microflora, using for its life mineral nitrogen, and pedotrophs and oligotrophs in the compared soil samples did not differ significantly, and generally corresponded to this type of soil. Although in general, both tested samples of soil were characterized by a low content of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the number of representatives of this genus in the rhizosphere of parasite-infected plants was somewhat less than in control (35 % and 21 %, respectively). However, unlike most bacteria, the number of micromycetes detected on Czapek-Dox and starch-ammonia agar media, in the rhizosphere of plants infected by broomrape almost twice exceeded the number of these microorganisms in the rhizosphere of healthy plants. Analysis of the generic and species composition of microscopic fungi showed that in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants infected by the parasite a very specific mycocenosis was formed that differ from a mycocenosis of healthy plants. This mycocenosis was characterized by a much smaller number of genera and species of micromycetes. At the same time for the structure of the fungal cenosis of diseased plants there was a characteristic increase in the proportion of toxin-forming fungi of the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera with active conidiogenesis. The obtained data testify not only to the differences in the microbial complexes in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants non-infected and infected by broomrape, but also indicate the direction of action of this parasite.

Résumé

Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) peut influencer la cénose microbienne dans la rhizosphère du tournesol

Les complexes bactériens et micromycètes de la rhizosphère des plants de tournesol non infectés et infectés par le broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) ont été comparées. Les investigations ont été menées dans les conditions d’un champ infectieux stationnaire enrichi annuellement en résidus de plantes infectés et en graines de broomrape collectées dans différentes régions de l’Ukraine. Le sol est lessivé, le chernozem à faible humidité avec un pH acide. Les échantillons de sol sélectionnés à la fin de la végétation de la rhizosphère des plantes saines et infectées par le broomrape des échantillons de reproduction de tournesol. Le nombre total de bactéries trouvées dans la rhizosphère des plants de tournesol infectés par le parasite ne différait pas significativement de celui des témoins et était respectivement de 11,7 et 12,1 millions d’UFC / g de sol. Le nombre d’ammonificateurs ainsi que la microflore bactérienne, utilisant pour sa vie l’azote minéral, et les pédotrophes et oligotrophes dans les échantillons de sol comparés, ne différaient pas de manière significative et correspondaient généralement à ce type de sol. Bien qu’en général les deux échantillons de sol testés aient été caractérisés par une faible teneur en bactéries du genre Azotobacter, le nombre de représentants de ce genre dans la rhizosphère des plantes infectées par le parasite était légèrement inférieur à celui des témoins (35 % et 21 %, respectivement). Cependant, contrairement à la plupart des bactéries, le nombre de micromycètes détectés sur les milieux Czapek-Dox et gélose-amidon-ammoniac, dans la rhizosphère des plantes infectées par le broomrape, a presque doublé le nombre de ces microorganismes dans la rhizosphère des plantes saines. L’analyse de la composition générique et de la composition spécifique de hongos microscopiques a montré que dans la rhizosphère des plants de tournesol infectés par le parasite, une mycocénose très spécifique diffère d’une mycocénose de plantes saines. Cette mycocénose était caractérisée par un nombre beaucoup plus faible de genres et d’espèces de micromycètes. Dans le même temps, pour la structure de la cénose fongique des plantes malades, il y avait une augmentation caractéristique de la proportion de hongos formant des toxines des genres Aspergillus et Penicillium avec une conidiogenèse active. Les données obtenues témoignent non seulement des différences de complexes microbiens dans la rhizosphère des plants de tournesol non infectés et infectés par le broomrape, mais indiquent également la direction d’action de ce parasite.

Resumen

Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) puede influir en el cenosis microbiano en la rizosfera del girasol

Se han comparado los complejos bacterianos y micromicéticos en la rizosfera de plantas de girasol no infectadas e infectadas con broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Las investigaciones se llevaron a cabo en las condiciones de un campo infeccioso estacionario que se enriqueció anualmente con residuos vegetales infectados y semillas de broomrape recogidas en diferentes regiones de Ucrania. El suelo es chernozem liofilizado con pH ácido. Las muestras de suelo seleccionadas al final de la vegetación de la rizosfera de las plantas sanas e infectadas con broomrape de girasol. El número total de bacterias encontradas en la rizosfera de plantas de girasol infectadas por el parásito no difirió significativamente del control y fue de 11.7 y 12.1 millones de UFC / g de suelo, respectivamente. El número de amonificantes así como también de microflora bacteriana, que utiliza nitrógeno mineral durante su vida útil, y pedotrofos y oligotrofos en las muestras de suelo comparadas no difirió significativamente, y generalmente correspondía a este tipo de suelo. Aunque en general, las dos muestras de suelo evaluadas se caracterizaron por un bajo contenido de bacterias del género Azotobacter, el número de representantes de este género en la rizosfera de plantas infectadas con parásitos fue algo menor que el control (35 % y 21 %, respectivamente). Sin embargo, a diferencia de la mayoría de las bacterias, la cantidad de micromicetos detectados en los medios de agar Czapek-Dox y almidón-amoníaco, en la rizosfera de las plantas infectadas con broomrape, casi excedió el número de estos microorganismos en la rizosfera de las plantas sanas. El análisis de la composición genérica y de especies de hongos microscópicos mostró que en la rizosfera de las plantas de girasol infectadas por el parásito se formó una micocenosis muy específica que difiere de una micocenosis de plantas sanas. Esta mycocenosis se caracterizó por un número mucho más pequeño de géneros y especies de micromicetos. Al mismo tiempo, para la estructura de la cenosis fúngica de plantas enfermas, hubo un aumento característico en la proporción de hongos formadores de toxinas de los géneros Aspergillus y Penicillium con conidiogénesis activa. Los datos obtenidos testifican no solo las diferencias en los complejos microbianos en la rizosfera de las plantas de girasol no infectadas e infectadas por broomrape, sino que también indican la dirección de acción de este parásito.

Keywords: sunflower; broomrape; rhizosphere; microbial complex; mycocenosis

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Received: 2018-09-21

Accepted: 2019-06-26

Published Online: 2019-07-24

Published in Print: 2019-11-18

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2018-0014

Keywords for this article

sunflower; broomrape; rhizosphere; microbial complex; mycocenosis