Home Constructions and characterizations of mixed reverse-order laws for the Moore–Penrose inverse and group inverse
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Constructions and characterizations of mixed reverse-order laws for the Moore–Penrose inverse and group inverse

  • Yongge Tian EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 26, 2024
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

This paper is concerned with constructions and characterizations of matrix equalities that involve mixed products of Moore–Penrose inverses and group inverses of two matrices. We first construct a mixed reverse-order law ( A B ) = B ( A A B B ) # A , and show that this matrix equality always holds through the use of a special matrix rank equality and some matrix range operations, where A and B are two matrices of appropriate sizes, ( ) , ( ) and ( ) # mean the conjugate transpose, the Moore–Penrose inverse, and the group inverse of a matrix, respectively. We then give a diverse range of variation forms of this equality, and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for them to hold. Especially, we show an interesting fact that the two reverse-order laws ( A B ) = B A and ( A A B B ) # = ( B B ) # ( A A ) # are equivalent.

MSC 2020: 15A09; 15A24

Acknowledgements

The author would like to express his sincere thanks to an anonymous reviewer for his/her helpful comments and suggestions.

References

[1] A. Ben-Israel and T. N. E. Greville, Generalized Inverses. Theory and Applications, 2nd ed., CMS Books Math./Ouvrages Math. SMC 15, Springer, New York, 2003. Search in Google Scholar

[2] D. S. Bernstein, Scalar, Vector, and Matrix Mathematics. Theory, Facts, and Formulas, Princeton University, Princeton, 2018. 10.1515/9781400888252Search in Google Scholar

[3] S. L. Campbell and C. D. Meyer, Jr., Generalized Inverses of Linear Transformations, Surv. Reference Works Math. 4, Pitman, Boston, 1979. Search in Google Scholar

[4] C. Cao, X. Zhang and X. Tang, Reverse order law of group inverses of products of two matrices, Appl. Math. Comput. 158 (2004), no. 2, 489–495. 10.1016/j.amc.2003.09.016Search in Google Scholar

[5] J. M. Cen, Existence of weighted group inverses of rectangular matrices, Math. Numer. Sin. 29 (2007), no. 1, 39–48. Search in Google Scholar

[6] Y. L. Chen, Existence conditions and expressions for weighted group inverses of rectangular matrices, J. Nanjing Norm. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 31 (2008), no. 3, 1–5. Search in Google Scholar

[7] R. E. Cline and T. N. E. Greville, A Drazin inverse for rectangular matrices, Linear Algebra Appl. 29 (1980), 53–62. 10.1016/0024-3795(80)90230-XSearch in Google Scholar

[8] C. Y. Deng, Reverse order law for the group inverses, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 382 (2011), no. 2, 663–671. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.04.085Search in Google Scholar

[9] T. N. E. Greville, Note on the generalized inverse of a matrix product, SIAM Rev. 8 (1966), 518–521; erratum, SIAM Rev. 9 (1966), 249. Search in Google Scholar

[10] S. Izumino, The product of operators with closed range and an extension of the reverse order law, Tohoku Math. J. (2) 34 (1982), no. 1, 43–52. 10.2748/tmj/1178229307Search in Google Scholar

[11] X. Liu, Z. Xu, Q. Zhao and H. Wei, On the perturbation of weighted group inverse of rectangular matrices, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 42 (2013), no. 1–2, 441–454. 10.1007/s12190-012-0629-xSearch in Google Scholar

[12] X. Mary, Reverse order law for the group inverse in semigroups and rings, Comm. Algebra 43 (2015), no. 6, 2492–2508. 10.1080/00927872.2014.900562Search in Google Scholar

[13] D. Mosić and N. Č. Dinčić, Reverse order law ( a b ) = b ( a a b b ) a in rings with involution, Filomat 28 (2014), no. 9, 1791–1815. Search in Google Scholar

[14] D. Mosić and D. S. Djordjević, Reverse order law for the Moore–Penrose inverse in C * -algebras, Electron. J. Linear Algebra 22 (2011), 92–111. 10.13001/1081-3810.1427Search in Google Scholar

[15] D. Mosić and D. S. Djordjević, The reverse order law ( a b ) # = b ( a a b b ) a in rings with involution, Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat. Ser. A Mat. RACSAM 109 (2015), no. 2, 257–265. 10.1007/s13398-014-0178-2Search in Google Scholar

[16] X. Sheng and G. Chen, The computation and perturbation analysis for weighted group inverse of rectangular matrices, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 31 (2009), no. 1–2, 33–43. 10.1007/s12190-008-0189-2Search in Google Scholar

[17] Y. G. Tian, Reverse order laws for the generalized inverses of multiple matrix products, Linear Algebra Appl. 211 (1994), 85–100. 10.1016/0024-3795(94)90084-1Search in Google Scholar

[18] Y. Tian, Rank equalities related to outer inverses of matrices and applications, Linear Multilinear Algebra 49 (2001), no. 4, 269–288. 10.1080/03081080108818701Search in Google Scholar

[19] Y. Tian, Using rank formulas to characterize equalities for Moore–Penrose inverses of matrix products, Appl. Math. Comput. 147 (2004), no. 2, 581–600. 10.1016/S0096-3003(02)00796-8Search in Google Scholar

[20] Y. Tian, The reverse-order law ( A B ) = B ( A A B B ) A and its equivalent equalities, J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 45 (2005), no. 4, 841–850. Search in Google Scholar

[21] Y. Tian, The equivalence between ( A B ) = B A and other mixed-type reverse-order laws, Internat. J. Math. Ed. Sci. Tech. 37 (2006), no. 3, 331–339. 10.1080/00207390500226168Search in Google Scholar

[22] Y. Tian, A family of 512 reverse order laws for generalized inverses of a matrix product: A review, Heliyon 6 (2020), Article ID e04924. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04924Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[23] Y. Tian, Miscellaneous reverse order laws and their equivalent facts for generalized inverses of a triple matrix product, AIMS Math. 6 (2021), no. 12, 13845–13886. 10.3934/math.2021803Search in Google Scholar

[24] Y. Tian, A study of range equalities for mixed products of two matrices and their generalized inverses, Comput. Appl. Math. 41 (2022), no. 8, Paper No. 384. 10.1007/s40314-022-02084-xSearch in Google Scholar

[25] Y. Tian, Characterizations of the group invertibility of a matrix revisited, Demonstr. Math. 55 (2022), no. 1, 866–890. 10.1515/dema-2022-0171Search in Google Scholar

[26] Y. Tian, Equivalence analysis of different reverse order laws for generalized inverses of a matrix product, Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 53 (2022), no. 4, 939–947. 10.1007/s13226-021-00200-xSearch in Google Scholar

[27] Y. Tian and S. Cheng, Some identities for Moore–Penrose inverses of matrix products, Linear Multilinear Algebra 52 (2004), no. 6, 405–420. 10.1080/03081080410001699334Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2023-07-28
Revised: 2023-12-04
Accepted: 2023-12-08
Published Online: 2024-03-26
Published in Print: 2024-12-01

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 15.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/gmj-2024-2016/html
Scroll to top button