Herausforderungen und Perspektiven der Wortschreibung: Tarifit auf Facebook und das Standard-Amazigh im Vergleich

Naima Tahiri

doi:10.1515/glot-2022-2010

Article

Herausforderungen und Perspektiven der Wortschreibung: Tarifit auf Facebook und das Standard-Amazigh im Vergleich

Naima Tahiri

Published/Copyright: November 10, 2022

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Author Information Explore this Subject

From the journal Glottotheory Volume 13 Issue 2

Abstract

The Berber languages of Morocco – regionally distributed differently: Tarifit, Tamazight and Tashelhit – were subjected to a standardization process only at the beginning of the 21st century. The so-called Amazigh emerged as a standard language. The Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe, founded in 2001 specifically for the preservation and promotion of Berber, was given the task of initiating and controlling the standardization process. In 2008, a reference grammar of standard Amazigh was published, which will be examined more closely in the following article with regard to the orthographic specifications for the spelling of nominal units. In doing so, the critical examination of orthography will be conducted in a relatively unconventional manner. The written form of Tarifit used within a Facebook group will be analyzed in order to compare the word spellings with the spelling rules of the standard Amazigh grammar. Tarifit is used extensively in social networks in certain contexts and the preferred writing system is Latin. The French-language grammar description of the standard Amazigh uses for the object language level the so-called Tifinagh. However, this writing system is hardly used in Moroccan society not only due to a lack of acceptance. Likewise, the use of standard Amazigh in society is almost non-existent. Lay transcriptions in social networks can be very informative with regard to word spellings. The grammar description for the standard Amazigh can be criticized from different perspectives and is in urgent need of a linguistically based revision.

Keywords: Amazigh; Berber; Morocco; noun; Tarifit; word segmentation

Corresponding author: Naima Tahiri, Département de Langue et de Littérature Allemandes, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines – Dhar El Mehraz, Laboratoire Sciences du Langage, Littératures, Arts, Communication et Histoire (SLLACH), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 50, Fès 30000, Morocco, E-mail: naima.tahiri@usmba.ac.ma

Literatur

Achamrah, Mohamed. 2022. Elementary teachers’ attitudes towards teaching of Tamazight language in Moroccan elementary schools. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13(02). 448–459. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0043.Search in Google Scholar

Bouhjar, Aïcha. 2012. Pour un aménagement linguistique de l’amazighe respectueux de la diversité géolectale. In Giovanni Agresti & Michele De Gioia (eds.), L’enseignement des langues locales Institutions, méthodes, idéologies. Actes des Quatrièmes Journées des Droits Linguistiques, 85–105. Rom: Aracne editrice.Search in Google Scholar

Boukhris, Fatima, Abdallah Boumalk, El Houssaïn El Moujahid & Hamid Souifi. 2008. La nouvelle grammaire de l’amazighe. Rabat: Publications de l’Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe.Search in Google Scholar

Boukous, Ahmed. 2014. The planning of standardizing Amazigh language: The Moroccan experience. Iles d Imesli 6. 7–23.Search in Google Scholar

Dixon, Robert M. W. & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald. 2003. Word: A typological framework. In Robert M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.), Word: A cross-linguistic typology, 1–41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511486241.002Search in Google Scholar

Dryer, Matthew S. 2005. Order of adposition and noun phrase. In Martin Haspelmath, Matthew S. Dryer, David Gil & Bernard Comrie (eds.), The world atlas of language structures, 346–349. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Farhad, El Hossaien. 2017. Regard critique sur l’alphabet adopté pour enseigner l’amazighe au Maroc. Timsal N tamazight 8. 19–35.Search in Google Scholar

Glinz, Hans. 1994. Grammatiken im Vergleich: Deutsch – Französisch – Englisch – Latein; Formen – Bedeutungen – Verstehen. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.10.1515/9783110914801Search in Google Scholar

Haspelmath, Martin & Andrea D. Sims. 2010. Understanding morphology, 2. Auflage. London: Hodder Education.Search in Google Scholar

Kossmann, Maarten. 2007. Berber morphology. In Alan S. Kaye (ed.), Morphologies of Asia and Africa, Volume 1, 429–446. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.10.5325/j.ctv1bxh537.24Search in Google Scholar

Kossmann, Maarten. 2012. Berber. In Zygmunt Frajzyngier & Erin Shay (eds.), The Afroasiatic languages, 18–101. Cambridge University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199609895.013.37Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, Geoffrey L. 2000. Turkish grammar, 2. Auflage. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Mehlem, Ulrich. 2007. The graphematic marking of prepositional phrases of Tarifit Berber in written narratives of Moroccan students in Germany and Morocco. Journal of Written Language and Literacy 10(2). 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1075/wll.10.2.03meh.Search in Google Scholar

Mourigh, Khalid & Maarten Kossmann. 2019. An introduction to Tarifiyt Berber (Nador, Morocco). Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Ould-Braham, Ouhami. 2018. Des manuscrits berbères anciens en graphie arabe. Quels objectifs ultimes attendre? Faits de Langue et Société 3–4. 190–211.Search in Google Scholar

Pelligrini, Chloé. 2019. L’enseignement des langues à l’école publique au Maroc: construction des savoirs, identités et citoyenneté. Doktorarbeit. Aix-Marseille. https://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0345 (letzter Zugriff: 19. September 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Pouessel, Stéphanie. 2008. Écrire la langue berbère au royaume de Mohamed VI. Les enjeux politiques et identitaires du tifinagh au Maroc. Revue des mondes musulmans et de Méditerranée 124. 219–239. https://doi.org/10.4000/remmm.6029.Search in Google Scholar

Royaume du Maroc. 2001. Dahir n° 1-01-299 du 29 rajab al khaïr 1422 (17 octobre 2001) portant création de l’Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe. Bulletin officiel 4948. 1074–1076.Search in Google Scholar

Royaume du Maroc. 2011. Projet de la Constitution. Bulletin officiel 5952. 1765–1794.Search in Google Scholar

Sebba, Mark. 2007. Spelling and society. The culture and politics of orthography around the world. Cambridge usw: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511486739Search in Google Scholar

Tahiri, Naima. 2016. Zur Verschriftung mündlich tradierter Sprachen in sozialen Netzwerken: Der Gebrauch des Tarifit auf Facebook. Glottotheory 7(2). 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2016-0014.Search in Google Scholar

Tahiri, Naima. 2018. About word segmentation when writing an orally-transmitted language: Tarifit speakers and their communication within a Facebook group. In Fatima Boukhris, El Houssain El Moujahid & Said Bennis (eds.), Langues et société au Maroc: Mélanges en hommage au Professeur Ahmed Boukous, 511–524. Rabat: IRCAM et Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines Rabat.Search in Google Scholar

Tahiri, Naima & Ursula Heming. 2021. Germanistik und Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Marokko. In Naima Tahiri, Mohammed Laasri, Said El Mtouni & Rachid Jai-Mansouri (eds.), Germanistik und DaF in mehrsprachigen Kontexten, 43–70. Berlin: Frank & Timme.Search in Google Scholar

Taifouri, Mohamed. 2022. Kalter Krieg um Marokkos Sprachen. https://de.qantara.de/inhalt/arabisch-franzoesisch-oder-englisch-kalter-krieg-um-marokkos-sprachen (letzter Zugriff: 18. September 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2022-03-07

Accepted: 2022-08-22

Published Online: 2022-11-10

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/glot-2022-2010

Keywords for this article

Amazigh; Berber; Morocco; noun; Tarifit; word segmentation