Abstract
Reading Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun (2021) in this article, we bring the perspectives of aging and posthumanist studies together to explore how the novel helps us to rethink our being and relationality in time beyond the boundaries of the human. In particular, we are interested in the novel’s critique of the anthropocentric privileging of youth and progress in the ways in which we imagine the future. Central to this form of imagination are generational continuity and the symbolism of the child: a new generation as a promise of the future, or rather, a better human future. Nevertheless, this novel does not simply employ the trope of generational futurity; instead, it interrogates and draws attention to the exclusionary way this type of thinking functions. Through its blurring of human and AI “child”, ultimately, Klara and the Sun suggests the dangers and the limits of a generational imagination that seeks to reproduce the same, progressive narrative of the future through the image of the child not “growing up and growing old” (Woodward 2020: 55; italics in original). Our analysis then suggests how fictional speculative modes might both engage with and yet also force us to reflect critically upon that form of future-orientated thinking.
References
Ahmed, Sara. 2010. The promise of happiness. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Search in Google Scholar
Baraitser, Lisa. 2017. Enduring time. London: Bloomsbury.Search in Google Scholar
Burton, Lindsay. 2019. The posthumanist child: Pharmakon and Collodi’s Pinocchio. The Oxford Literary Review 41(2). 202–218.10.3366/olr.2019.0279Search in Google Scholar
DeFalco, Amelia. 2020. Towards a theory of posthuman care: Real humans and caring robots. Body & Society 26(3). 31–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X20917450 (accessed 10 December 2022).10.1177/1357034X20917450Search in Google Scholar
Eaglestone, Robert. 2022. Klara and the humans: Agency, Hannah Arendt, and forgiveness. Foreign Literature Studies 44(1). https://doi.org/10.19915/j.cnki.fls.2022.0013 (accessed 22 December 2022).10.7765/9781526157546.00018Search in Google Scholar
Edelman, Lee. 2004. No future: Queer theory and the death drive. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 10.2307/j.ctv11hpkppSearch in Google Scholar
Ehlers, Nadine. 2020. Life “itself”. In Sherryl Vint (ed.), After the human: Culture, theory and criticism in the 21st century, 120–133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108874427.009Search in Google Scholar
Falcus, Sarah. 2020. Age and anachronism in contemporary dystopian fiction. In Elizabeth Barry & Margery Vibe Skagen (eds.), Essays and studies: Literature and ageing, 65–85. Cambridge: Boydell & Brewer.10.2307/j.ctvxhrkdr.8Search in Google Scholar
Falcus, Sarah & Maricel Oró-Piqueras (eds.). 2023. Age and ageing in contemporary speculative and science fiction. London & New York: Bloomsbury.10.5040/9781350230699Search in Google Scholar
Ishiguro, Kazuo. 2005. Never let me go. London: Faber.Search in Google Scholar
Ishiguro, Kazuo. 2021. Klara and the sun. London: Faber. Search in Google Scholar
Gille, Zsuzsa & Josh Lepawsky. 2021. Introduction: Waste studies as a field. In Zsuzsa Gille & Josh Lepawsky (eds.), Routledge handbook of waste studies, 3–19. Abingdon: Routledge.10.4324/9781003019077-1Search in Google Scholar
Haynes, Joanna & Karin Murris. 2019. Taking age out of play: Children’s animistic philosophising through a picturebook. The Oxford Literary Review 41(2). 290–309.10.3366/olr.2019.0284Search in Google Scholar
Horton, Emily. 2022. “Why would you play a game like that?”: Community and the pandemic in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun. In Sara Upstone & Peter Ely (eds.), Community in contemporary British fiction: From Blair to Brexit, 177–197. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 10.5040/9781350244054.ch-008Search in Google Scholar
James, P. D. 1992. The children of men. London: Faber.Search in Google Scholar
Johns-Putra, Adaline. 2019. Climate change and the contemporary novel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108610162Search in Google Scholar
Lakind, Alexandra & Chessa Adsit-Morris. 2018. Future child: Pedagogy and the post-anthropocene. Journal of childhood studies 43(1). 30–4310.18357/jcs.v43i1.18263Search in Google Scholar
Montague, Kate. 2022. Kazuo Ishiguro and the service economy. CLCWEb: Comparative Literature and Culture 24(1). https://doi.org/10.7771/1481–4374.4286 (accessed 22 December 2022).10.7771/1481-4374.4286Search in Google Scholar
Morgenstern, Naomi. 2018. Wild child: Intensive parenting and posthumanist ethics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.10.5749/j.ctv175smSearch in Google Scholar
Nikolajeva, Maria. 2013. Children’s literature. In Paula S. Fass (ed.), The Routledge history of childhood in the western world, 313–327. Abingdon: Routledge. Search in Google Scholar
Parkes, Adam. 2022. Nothing new under the sun: Planned obsolescence in Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun. Foreign Literature Studies 44(1). https://doi.org/10.19915/j.cnki.fls.2022.0014 (accessed 22 December 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Port, Cynthia. 2012. No future? Aging, temporality, history, and reverse chronologies. Occasion: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities 4. https://arcade.stanford.edu/occasion/no-future-aging-temporality-history-and-reverse-chronologies (accessed 11 November 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Russo, Mary. 1999. Aging and the scandal of anachronism. In Kathleen Woodward (ed.), Figuring age: women, bodies, generations. 20–33. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Sheldon, Rebekah. 2016. The child to come: Life after the human catastrophe. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press. 10.5749/minnesota/9780816689873.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Stenseke, Jakob. 2022. The morality of artificial friends in Ishiguro’s Klara and the sun. Journal of Science Fiction and Philosophy 5. https://jsfphil.org/volume-5-2022/artificial-friends-in-klara-and-the-sun/ (accessed 22 December 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Sun, Yuqing. 2022. Post/Human perfectibility and the technological other in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun. Critique: Studies in contemporary fiction. https://doi.org/10.1080/00111619.2022.2056429 (accessed 22 December 2022).10.1080/00111619.2022.2056429Search in Google Scholar
Vint, Sherryl. 2022. Biopolitical futures in twenty-first-century speculative fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108979382Search in Google Scholar
Woodward, Kathleen. 2020. Ageing in the anthropocene: The view from and beyond Margaret Drabble’s The Dark Flood Rises. In Elizabeth Barry & Margery Vibe Skagen (eds.), Essays and Studies: Literature and ageing, 37–64. Cambridge: Boydell & Brewer.10.2307/j.ctvxhrkdr.7Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Literary and critical encounters with the Anthropocene: An interview with Seán Hand
- Introduction: Narratives of ageing in the fantastic mode
- Age(ism) in Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales
- “Old things made new”: Transfusive rejuvenescence in M. E. Braddon’s “Good Lady Ducayne” and H. G. Wells’s “The Story of the Late Mr. Elvesham”
- “Inside many of us / is a small old man” – age/ing in Anne Sexton’s Transformations: A community discussion
- “It made her age hard to guess”: Narrating the dynamics of aging and gender through Victorian Gothic archetypes in Susan Hill’s The Woman in Black
- The wisdom of intergenerational relationships in Ursula Le Guin’s series Annals of the Western Shore (Gifts, Voices and Powers)
- Éilís Ní Dhuibhne’s Little Red and Other Stories and gerotranscendence on the page
- Futurity, the life course and aging in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun
- Rewriting rules, changing worlds: Diegetic and ludic forms of metareference in The Magic Circle
- Unresolved conflicts and suspended ethics: Reading “The Monster” from the perspective of voice
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Literary and critical encounters with the Anthropocene: An interview with Seán Hand
- Introduction: Narratives of ageing in the fantastic mode
- Age(ism) in Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales
- “Old things made new”: Transfusive rejuvenescence in M. E. Braddon’s “Good Lady Ducayne” and H. G. Wells’s “The Story of the Late Mr. Elvesham”
- “Inside many of us / is a small old man” – age/ing in Anne Sexton’s Transformations: A community discussion
- “It made her age hard to guess”: Narrating the dynamics of aging and gender through Victorian Gothic archetypes in Susan Hill’s The Woman in Black
- The wisdom of intergenerational relationships in Ursula Le Guin’s series Annals of the Western Shore (Gifts, Voices and Powers)
- Éilís Ní Dhuibhne’s Little Red and Other Stories and gerotranscendence on the page
- Futurity, the life course and aging in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun
- Rewriting rules, changing worlds: Diegetic and ludic forms of metareference in The Magic Circle
- Unresolved conflicts and suspended ethics: Reading “The Monster” from the perspective of voice