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Zivilgesellschaft re-visited: Emanzipation oder Instrumentalisierung? Das neoliberal-autoritäre Regime der AKP in der Türkei

  • Anıl Al-Rebholz

    Anıl Al-Rebholz ist Associate Professor an der İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul

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Published/Copyright: October 13, 2020
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Zusammenfassung

Der Aufsatz zeichnet die Einschränkungen des zivilgesellschaftlichen Aktivismus während der sogenannten autoritären Wende in der Türkei nach, die seit 2011 zu beobachten ist und sich insbesondere nach dem gescheiterten Putschversuch vom 15. Juli 2016 weiter verschärfte. In diesem Kontext werden zwei Felder näher betrachtet: Der „Frauen-Aktivismus“ und die sogenannte „Dezentralisierung“. Ersteres beinhaltet Themen wie anti-feministische Diskurse, regierungsfreundliche Frauen-NGOs, vergeschlechtlichte Wohlfahrtspolitiken und Versuche einer Restituierung der patriarchalen Ordnung unter der AKP-Regierung. Der Dezentralisierungstopos betrifft Themen wie das fragwürdige Demokratisierungspotenzial der kommunalen Selbstverwaltungen unter den AKP-Kadern, die regierungsfreundlichen islamisch-karitativen NGOs, das Großprojekt İstanbul-Kanal und die Schirmherrschaften und klientilistischen Politiken der städtischen Governance. Diese Beispiele zeigen, dass die Grenzen zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements unter der AKP-Regierung neu zu vermessen sind. Im letzten Teil wird – in Anlehnung an die Subjektivierungsformen im Zeitalter der neoliberalen Globalisierung nach Michael Hardt und Antonio Negri – der Frage nachgegangen, ob im Falle der Türkei aus einer hegemonietheoretischen Perspektive überhaupt noch von einem prekären zivilgesellschaftlichen Konsens gesprochen werden kann.

Abstract

The article traces the restrictions imposed on civil society activism during Turkey’s so-called authoritarian turn, which has been dated to 2011 and intensified after the failed coup attempt on July 15th 2016. In this context, the following analysis focuses on two areas: “women’s activism” and the “decentralization of political power”. The former includes issues such as anti-feminist political discourses, pro-government women’s NGOs, gendered welfare policies, and restorations of the patriarchal order under the AKP rule. The latter deals with themes such as the contested democratization potential of local government, charitable pro-government Islamic NGOs and the clientelist politics of urban governance. These two areas provide key examples of how the AKP Government draws limits to civil society engagement. Drawing on Michael Hardt’s and Antonio Negri’s models of subjectivation in the age of neoliberal globalization, the last section addresses the question as to whether, in line with theorizations of hegemony, we can still speak of a precarious civil society consensus for the case of contemporary Turkey.

About the author

Anıl Al-Rebholz

Anıl Al-Rebholz ist Associate Professor an der İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul

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Published Online: 2020-10-13
Published in Print: 2020-10-09

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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