Home Zivilgesellschaft zwischen Repression und Vernachlässigung
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Zivilgesellschaft zwischen Repression und Vernachlässigung

  • Helmut K. Anheier

    Helmut K. Anheier ist Professor an der Hertie School, Berlin und der Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles.

    EMAIL logo
    and Stefan Toepler

    Stefan Toepler ist Professor und Studiengangsleiter Verwaltungswissenschaft (MPA) an der Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Virginia.

Published/Copyright: October 13, 2020
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Zusammenfassung

Das Verhältnis zwischen Staat und Zivilgesellschaft ist in letzter Zeit komplexer geworden. In einigen Ländern hat sich das Verhältnis derart verschlechtert, dass von einem shrinking space für die Zivilgesellschaft gesprochen wird. Diese Diagnose gilt jedoch hauptsächlich für autoritäre und illiberale politische Systeme, die der Zivilgesellschaft mit Repression begegnen. Zivilgesellschaftliche Räume schrumpfen jedoch auch in Demokratien: weniger durch direkte Unterdrückung, sondern durch eine politische Stagnation, die durch eine politische Vernachlässigung der Zivilgesellschaft verursacht wird. Diese führt zu einer schleichenden Erosion zivilgesellschaftlicher Kapazitäten und stellt eine zunehmende gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderung dar. Als Gegenmaßnahme plädieren wir für eine aktive Reformpolitik, wobei neuere Modelle der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und Regulierungen im Mittelpunkt stehen sollten, die auf eine bessere Fassung der funktionalen Differenzierung zivilgesellschaftlicher Organisationen zielen.

Abstract

State/civil society relations have increasingly grown in complexity in the recent past. In some countries, the relationship has deteriorated to such an extent that analysts refer to a shrinking space for civil society. This phenomenon becomes most evident in authoritarian and illiberal political systems that repress civil society. However, civic spaces also shrink in democracies: if less through direct repression, then more through the political neglect of civil society. This has led to a slow erosion of civil society organisations’ capacities, and thus represents a growing socio-political challenge. In response to this development, we propose active policy reforms, which must focus on a modernization of legal frameworks and aim at an increased recognition of processes of functional and organizational differentiation that have taken place within civil society over the past two decades.

About the authors

Helmut K. Anheier

Helmut K. Anheier ist Professor an der Hertie School, Berlin und der Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles.

Stefan Toepler

Stefan Toepler ist Professor und Studiengangsleiter Verwaltungswissenschaft (MPA) an der Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Virginia.

Literatur

Abramson, Alan/Billings, Cara 2020: New Legal Forms for Hybrid Organizations. In: Anheier Helmut/Toepler, Stefan (Hrsg.): Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management. Routledge, 513–530.10.4324/9781315181011-41Search in Google Scholar

Abramson, Alan/Soskis, Ben/Toepler, Stefan 2014: Public-Philanthropic Partnerships: A Review of Recent Trends. In: The Foundation Review 6 (2), 52–66.10.9707/1944-5660.1201Search in Google Scholar

Anheier, Helmut 2014: Nonprofit Organizations: Theory, Management, Policy. Taylor & Francis.10.4324/9781315851044-18Search in Google Scholar

Anheier, Helmut 2017: Civil Society Challenged: Towards an Enabling Policy Environment. In: Economics E-Journal 11 (29), 1-19.10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2017-29Search in Google Scholar

Anheier, Helmut/Hammack, David 2010: American Foundations: Roles and Contributions. Brookings Institution Press.Search in Google Scholar

Anheier, Helmut/Hass, Rabea/Beller, Annelie 2013: Accountability and Transparency in the German Nonprofit Sector: A Paradox? In: International Review of Public Administration 18(3), 69–84.10.1080/12294659.2013.10805264Search in Google Scholar

Anheier, Helmut/Krlev, Gorgi/Mildenberger, Georg/Behrendt, Christian 2017: Directions for Policy Makers – How to Support and Engage in Social Innovation. ITSSOIN Policy Brief. European Commission, DG Research.Search in Google Scholar

Anheier, Helmut/Lang, Markus/Toepler, Stefan 2019: Civil Society in Times of Change: Shrinking, Changing and Expanding Spaces and the Need for New Regulatory Approaches. In: Economics E-Journal 13 (8), 1–27.10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-8Search in Google Scholar

Anheier, Helmut/Lang, Markus/Toepler, Stefan 2020: Civil társadalom változás idején– szűkülő, változó, táguló terek és egy új szabályozási szemléletmód szükségessége. In: Civil Szemle 2, 5–35.Search in Google Scholar

Anheier, Helmut/Leat, Diana 2018: Performance Measurement in Philanthropic Foundations: The Ambiguity of Success and Failure. Routledge.10.4324/9781315161631Search in Google Scholar

Bouchet, Nicolas/Wachsmann, Inga 2019: A Matter of Precaution: Watching the Shrinking Civic Space in Western Europe. In: Observatorium 29. Maecenata Institut.Search in Google Scholar

Brechenmacher, Saskia/Carothers, Thomas 2018: Examining Civil Society Legitimacy. https://carnegieendowment.org.Search in Google Scholar

Carothers, Thomas/Brechenmacher, Saskia 2014: Closing Space: Democracy and Human Rights Support under Fire. https://carnegieendowment.org.Search in Google Scholar

DeMattee, Anthony 2019: Covenants, Constitutions, and Distinct Law Types: Investigating Governments’ Restrictions on CSOs Using an Institutional Approach. In: Voluntas 30, 1229–1255.10.1007/s11266-019-00151-2Search in Google Scholar

Diefenbach-Trommer, Stefan 2018: Engagiert Euch – Nicht? Wie das Gemeinnützigkeitsrecht Politisches Engagement erschwert. BBE Working Paper #5. Bundesnetzwerk Bürgerschaftliches Engagement.Search in Google Scholar

Dupuy, Kendra/Ron, James/Prakash, Aseem 2016: Hands Off My Regime! Governments’ Restrictions on Foreign Aid to Non-Governmental Organizations in Poor and Middle-Income countries. In: World Development 84, 299–311.10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.02.001Search in Google Scholar

Eckert, Susan/Guinane, Kay/Hall, Andrea 2017: Financial Access for U.S. Nonprofits. Charity & Security Network.Search in Google Scholar

Han, Jun/Chen, Wendy/Toepler, Stefan 2020: Social Finance for Nonprofits. In: Anheier, Helmut/Toepler, Stefan (Hrsg.): Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management. Routledge, 482–493.10.4324/9781315181011-39Search in Google Scholar

Heydemann, Steven/Toepler, Stefan 2006: Foundations and the Challenge of Legitimacy in Comparative Perspective. In: Prewitt, Ken/Dogan, Martin/Heydemann, Steven/Toepler, Stefan (Hrsg.): The Legitimacy of Philanthropic Foundations: U.S. and European Perspectives. Russell Sage Foundation, 3–26.Search in Google Scholar

ICNL 2018: Civic Freedom Resources. International Center for Nonprofit Law. http://www.icnl.org.Search in Google Scholar

Klein, Ansgar 2020: Corona und die Folgen – Zivilgesellschaft im Ausnahmezustand. In: Newsletter für Engagement und Partizipation in Deutschland, 6.10.1515/fjsb-2020-0003Search in Google Scholar

Maier, Florentine/Meyer, Michael/Steinbereithner, Martin 2016: Nonprofit Organizations Becoming Business-Like: A Systematic Review. In: Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 45(1), 64–86.10.1177/0899764014561796Search in Google Scholar

Nowakowski, Gerd 2020: Gemeinnützige Betriebe in Not. In: Der Tagesspiegel, 1 April 2020.Search in Google Scholar

Phillips, Susan 2020: A Changing Management Context: The US, UK, Canada and Australia. In: Anheier, Helmut/Toepler, Stefan (Hrsg.): The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management. Routledge, 11–27.10.4324/9781315181011-3Search in Google Scholar

Poppe, Annika/Wolff, Jonas 2017: The Contested Spaces of Civil Society in a Plural World: Norm Contestation in the Debate about Restrictions on International Civil Society Support. In: Contemporary Politics 23(4), 469–488.10.1080/13569775.2017.1343219Search in Google Scholar

Prakash, Aseem 2019: Nonprofit Governance, Public Policy, and the Oxfam Scandal: An Introduction. In: Nonprofit Policy Forum 10(4), 1–5.10.1515/npf-2019-0059Search in Google Scholar

Ratcliffe, Rebecca 2019: Amnesty International Leaders Offer to Resign over Bullying Culture. In: The Guardian, 22 Februar 2019.Search in Google Scholar

Reich, Rob 2017: Der ganzen Idee von Demokratie zuwider? Zur Rolle von Stiftungen in demokratischen Gesellschaften. In: Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen 30 (4), 35–42.10.1515/fjsb-2017-0084Search in Google Scholar

Salamon, Lester/Toepler, Stefan 2015: Government–Nonprofit Cooperation: Anomaly or Necessity? In: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 26 (6), 2155–2177.10.4324/9780367696559-40Search in Google Scholar

Scurlock, Rebecca/Dolsak, Nives/Prakash, Aseem 2019: Recovering from Scandals: Twitter Coverage of Oxfam and Save the Children Scandals. In: Voluntas 31(1), 94–110.10.1007/s11266-019-00148-xSearch in Google Scholar

Simsa, Ruth 2017: Repression of the Spanish Protest Movement–Mechanisms and Consequences. In: Nonprofit Policy Forum 8(3), 321–336.10.1515/npf-2017-0022Search in Google Scholar

Simsa, Ruth 2019: Civil Society Capture by Early Stage Autocrats in Well-Developed Democracies – The Case of Austria. In: Nonprofit Policy Forum 10 (3), 1–10.10.1515/npf-2019-0029Search in Google Scholar

von Strachwitz, Rupert 2018: Bekommen wir endlich eine Reform des Gemeinnützigkeitsrechts? In: Newsletter für Engagement und Partizipation in Deutschland 11.Search in Google Scholar

von Strachwitz, Rupert 2019: Attac ohne Gemeinnützigkeit: Ein Angriff auf die Zivilgesellschaft. In: Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik 4 (19), 9–12.Search in Google Scholar

von Strachwitz, Victoria 2019: „Wir retten Menschen“ Die Kriminalisierung der humanitären Hilfe auf dem Mittelmeer. In: Reihe Observatorium 34. Maecenata Institut.Search in Google Scholar

Swiney, Chrystie 2019: The Counter-Associational Revolution: The Rise, Spread, and Contagion of Restrictive Civil Society Laws in the World’s Strongest Democratic States. In: Fordham International Law Journal 43(2), 399–456.Search in Google Scholar

Toepler, Stefan 2018: Public Philanthropic Partnerships: The Changing Nature of Government/Foundation Relationships in the US. In: International Journal of Public Administration, 41(8), 657–669.10.1080/01900692.2017.1295462Search in Google Scholar

Tomassoni, Teresa 2019: Activists Making ‘Water Drops’ for Migrants Near Border Say Government Intimidation is Rising. In: The Washington Post, 29 Januar 2019.Search in Google Scholar

Warren, Tom/Baker, Katie 2019: WWF’s Secret War: WWF Funds Guards Who Have Tortured and Killed People. In: BuzzFeed News, www.buzzfeednews.com.Search in Google Scholar

Zimmer, Annette 1996: Vereine – Basiselement der Demokratie. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.10.1007/978-3-322-95748-1Search in Google Scholar

Zürn, Michael/Nollkämper, Andre/Peerenboom, Randy (Hrsg.) 2012: Rule of Law Dynamics in an Era of International and Transnational Governance. Cambridge University Press.10.2139/ssrn.1933701Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2020-10-13
Published in Print: 2020-10-09

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 23.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/fjsb-2020-0052/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button