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Pharmacogenetics in Central American healthy volunteers: interethnic variability

  • Carolina Céspedes-Garro EMAIL logo , María-Eugenia G. Naranjo , Ronald Ramírez , Víctor Serrano , Humberto Fariñas , Ramiro Barrantes , Adrián LLerena and for CEIBA Consortium of the Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics RIBEF
Published/Copyright: December 5, 2014

Abstract

Ethnicity is one of the major factors involved in interindividual variability to drug response. This study aims to describe the frequency of the most relevant pharmacogenetic biomarkers and metabolic phenotypes in Central American healthy volunteers and to determine its interethnic variability. Twenty-six original research articles on allelic, genotypes or metabolic phenotype frequencies were analyzed, in which a total number of 7611 Central American healthy volunteers were included (6118 were analyzed for genotype and 1799 for metabolic phenotype). No reports were available for population from Belize and Honduras. The CYP2D6*4 and *5 frequencies in Amerindian populations from Costa Rica have shown to be among the highest frequencies so far reported in the world. Furthermore, NAT2*5 and *6 presented higher frequencies in admixed populations than in Amerindians, but, inversely, the NAT2*7 was more frequent in Amerindians compared to an admixed population. Likewise, different patterns of distribution have been shown in HLA-A*02, *03 and HLA-B*07 among Native populations from Latin America. Reports on Central American populations were also found for the CYP2C19, LDLR, CYP2E1, MDR1, G6PD, TP53, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 biomarkers, but no data were available for the other 91 pharmacogenetic biomarkers revised in Central American populations. Differences in the frequency of some pharmacogenetic biomarkers and metabolic phenotypes were found, showing interethnic variability within Central American and with other Latin American populations.


Corresponding author: Carolina Céspedes-Garro, CICAB, Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Badajoz 06080, Spain, Phone: +34 924218040, Fax: +34 924219881, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the University of Costa Rica (PhD fellowship to CCG in Spain), Gobierno de Extremadura (AEXCID 13IA001 to SIFF) and Consejería de Empleo, Empresa e Innovación and Fondo Social Europeo (FSE) (grant PD10199 to MEGN), and was coordinated by the network RIBEF Red Iberoamericana de Farmacogenética y Farmacogenómica (http://www.ribef.com).

Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved the submission.

Research funding: None declared.

Employment or leadership: None declared.

Honorarium: None declared.

Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

CEIBA Consortium of authors (*group coordinator):

  • Group 1: Graciela E. Moya*, Verónica Ferreiro. Institutions: Pontificia Universidad Católica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Argentina & Fundación GENOS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

  • Group 2: Eduardo Tarazona-Santos*, Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares. Institution: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

  • Group 3: Alba P. Sarmiento*, Angélica Borbón. Institution: (previous) Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.

  • Group 4: Ramiro Barrantes*, Gerardo Jiménez-Arce, Carolina Céspedes-Garro. Institution: Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.

  • Group 5: Idania Rodeiro1*, Mayra Álvárez2, René Delgado3, Diadelis Remirez4, Bárbaro Pérez2, Luis R. Calzadilla5*. Institutions: 1CEBIMAR; 2Facultad de Medicina Calixto García; 3CIDEM; 4CECMED; 5Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental La Habana Vieja, La Habana, Cuba.

  • Group 6: Enrique Terán1*, Santiago Terán1, Francisco Hernández2. Institutions: 1Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; 2Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

  • Group 7: Rocío Ortiz-López*, Augusto Rojas-Martínez, Lourdes Garza-Ocañas, Yadira X. Pérez-Páramo. Institution: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.

  • Group 8: Marisol López-López*, Alberto Ortega-Vázquez, Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo, Helgi Jung-Cook, Ingrid Fricke-Galindo, Elisa Alonso-Vilatela, Teresa Corona-Vázquez. Institutions: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana & Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, México City, México.

  • Group 9: Martha G. Sosa-Macías*, Carlos Galaviz-Hernández, Ismael Lares-Aseff, Blanca P. Lazalde-Ramos. Institution: Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIIDIR, Durango, México.

  • Group 10 Author: Ronald Ramírez-Roa*, Catalina Altamirano Tinoco. Institution: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua.

  • Group 11: Manuela Grazina*. Institution: University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

  • Group 12: Adrián LLerena*, Pedro Dorado, Eva M. Peñas-Lledó, Jesús Cobaleda, M. Eugenia G. Naranjo, Fernando de Andrés, Humberto Fariñas. Institution: University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.

  • Group 13: Francisco E. Estévez-Carrizo*, Nicolás González-Vacarezza. Institution: Universidad de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.

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Received: 2014-7-9
Accepted: 2014-11-5
Published Online: 2014-12-5
Published in Print: 2015-3-1

©2015 by De Gruyter

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