Abstract
Phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play an important role in biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous compounds including drugs currently used in pharmacoterapy. Moreover, the genetic variability of DMEs causes important interindividual differences in drug and metabolite exposure, drug response, and risk of adverse drug reactions. We reviewed pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies that evaluated the influence of polymorphisms in the CYPs genes – mainly CYP1, CYP2 and CYP3 gene families – and in the phase II genes – TPMT, NAT2, GSTs and UGTs – on therapeutic response in Brazilian cohorts. Ethnic admixture of Brazilians resulted in a population characterized by a unique genetic profile, in which ancestry informative markers change continuously among ethnic groups. Therefore, some of the PGx biomarkers have a different distribution among Brazilians and PGx data from well-defined ethnic groups are not applicable to Brazilian populations. PGx data focused on phase I and phase II DMEs from Brazilian studies are needed in order to establish the influence of the genetic diversity on therapeutic response to clinically relevant drugs in a population with a composition from a complex genetic admixture. These studies and their impact are discussed in this review.
Acknowledgments
A. Cerda is a recipient of fellowship from CAPES-Brazil. M.H. Hirata and R.D.C. Hirata are recipients of fellowships from CNPq-Brazil.
Conflict of interest statement
The author’s conflict of interest disclosure: The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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© 2014 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Systems Medicine in the era of ‘Big Data’: a game-changer for Personalized Medicine?
- Reviews
- Venlafaxine pharmacokinetics focused on drug metabolism and potential biomarkers
- The pharmacogenetics of carboxylesterases: CES1 and CES2 genetic variants and their clinical effect
- Reviews in Population Pharmacogenomics
- Pharmacogenetics of drug metabolizing enzymes in Brazilian populations
- Original Articles
- Role of OATP-1B1 and/or OATP-1B3 in hepatic disposition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- Lurasidone drug-drug interaction studies: a comprehensive review
- Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib on phenolsulfonphthalein disposition in rats
- Congress Abstracts
- 7th Santorini Conference “Biologie Prospective” Systems Medicine, Personalized Health and Therapy in collaboration with ESPT
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Systems Medicine in the era of ‘Big Data’: a game-changer for Personalized Medicine?
- Reviews
- Venlafaxine pharmacokinetics focused on drug metabolism and potential biomarkers
- The pharmacogenetics of carboxylesterases: CES1 and CES2 genetic variants and their clinical effect
- Reviews in Population Pharmacogenomics
- Pharmacogenetics of drug metabolizing enzymes in Brazilian populations
- Original Articles
- Role of OATP-1B1 and/or OATP-1B3 in hepatic disposition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- Lurasidone drug-drug interaction studies: a comprehensive review
- Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib on phenolsulfonphthalein disposition in rats
- Congress Abstracts
- 7th Santorini Conference “Biologie Prospective” Systems Medicine, Personalized Health and Therapy in collaboration with ESPT