Home Branching processes in random environment with freezing
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Branching processes in random environment with freezing

  • Ivan D. Korshunov EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 6, 2025

Abstract

It is well known that a branching process in random environment (BPRE) can be analyzed via the associated random walk

Sn=ξ1++ξn,

where ξk=lnφηk (1). Here {ηk}k=1 is the random environment and φx(t) is the generating function of the number of descendants of a particle for given environment x. We study the probability of extinction of a branching process in random environment with freezing: in constrast to classic BPRE, in this process every state ηk of the environment lasts for given number τk of generations. It turns out that this variant of BPRE is also closely related to a random walk

Sn=τ1ξ1++τnξn.

We find several sufficient conditions for extinction probability of such process to be one or less than one correspondingly.


Originally published in Diskretnaya Matematika (2023) 35, №3, 20–36 (in Russian).


Funding statement: The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant no. 19-11-00111-P, https://rscf.ru/project/19-11-00111/, and performed at Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences.

References

[1] Smith W. L., Wilkinson W. E., “On branching processes in random environments”, Ann. Math. Statist., 403 (1969), 814–827.10.1214/aoms/1177697589Search in Google Scholar

[2] Athreya K. B., Karlin S., “On branching processes with random environments: I. Extinction probabilities”, Ann. Math. Statist., 45 (1971), 1499–1520.10.1214/aoms/1177693150Search in Google Scholar

[3] Kozlov M. V., “The asymptotic behavior of the probability of non-extinction for critical branching processes in a random environment”, Theory Probab. Appl., 214 (1977), 791–804.10.1137/1121091Search in Google Scholar

[4] Birkner M., Geiger J., Kersting G., “Branching processes in random environment — a view on critical and subcritical cases”, Interacting stochastic systems, Berlin: Springer, 2005, 269–291.10.1007/3-540-27110-4_12Search in Google Scholar

[5] Afanasyev V. I., Geiger J., Kersting G., Vatutin V. A., “Criticality for branching processes in random environment”, Ann. Probab., 332 (2005), 645–673.10.1214/009117904000000928Search in Google Scholar

[6] Afanasyev V. I., Geiger J., Kersting G., Vatutin V. A., “Functional limit theorems for strongly subcritical branching processes in random environment”, Stoch. Process. Appl., 11510 (2005), 1658–1676.10.1016/j.spa.2005.05.001Search in Google Scholar

[7] Avena L., “Random walk in cooling random environment: recurrence versus transience and mixed fluctuations”, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré. Probab. Statist., 582 (2022), 967–1009.10.1214/21-AIHP1184Search in Google Scholar

[8] Avena L., Chino Y., da Costa C., den Hollander F., “Random walk in cooling random environment: ergodic limits and concentration inequalities”, Electron. J. Probab., 24Article 38 (2019), 1–35.10.1214/19-EJP296Search in Google Scholar

[9] Xie Y., “Functional weak limit of random walks in cooling random environment”, Electron. Commun. Probab., 25 (2020), 1–14.10.1214/20-ECP360Search in Google Scholar

[10] Petrov V. V., Sums of Independent Random Variables, Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1975, X, 348 pp.10.1515/9783112573006Search in Google Scholar

[11] Shiryaev A. N., Probability-2, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 3 edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2019, 480 pp.10.1007/978-0-387-72208-5Search in Google Scholar

[12] Borel E., “Applications à l’arithmétique et à la théorie des fonctions”, Traité du Calcul des Probabilités et de ses applications,. V. 2, Gauthier-Villars, 1926, 100 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2023-06-12
Published Online: 2025-09-06
Published in Print: 2025-08-26

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 26.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/dma-2025-0018/html
Scroll to top button