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The virtual habits underlying the behavioural hallmarks of alloanimal episodic memory: a Peircean model

  • Oscar Miyamoto

    Oscar Miyamoto’s main research interests are animal episodic memory, and the visual pragmatics of scientific diagrams. Being a science journalist by training, he aims at using semiotics as an interdisciplinary theory to advance and communicate evidence-based research. He holds a PhD in Semiotics and Cultural Studies from University of Tartu, Estonia.

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Published/Copyright: December 5, 2024
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Abstract

Experimental studies of animal episodic memory test the behavioural expression of a what-where-when ‘memory content’. This is to say, autobiographical memory in some species (mainly birds, rodents, and great apes) has been understood on the basis of how the subject’s actions demonstrate their long-term awareness of already enacted and yet-to-be enacted scenarios. However, such behavioural focus has come at the expense of discussing the interdependent role of two equally important episodic hallmarks: ‘memory structure’ (mental representations), and ‘memory flexibility’ (adaptive choice-making). This paper provides a semiotic characterization of those less discussed hallmarks, in terms of the Peircean concept of virtual habit or the mental enactment of non-present episodes. It is argued that the behavioural expression of a ‘memory content’ (as object in a process of semiosis) cannot be accounted for without understanding the phenomenological or experiential support of memory structure (as a representamen), and the teleological or purposeful self-control of memory flexibility (as interpretant). Based on this, a new cognitive model of animal episodic memory is proposed, consisting of interrelated modalities called Virtualiter, Habitualiter, and Actualiter. Capitalizing on multispecies evidence, possible applications and new directions of the model are suggested.


Corresponding author: Oscar Miyamoto, Semiotics Department, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, E-mail:

About the author

Oscar Miyamoto

Oscar Miyamoto’s main research interests are animal episodic memory, and the visual pragmatics of scientific diagrams. Being a science journalist by training, he aims at using semiotics as an interdisciplinary theory to advance and communicate evidence-based research. He holds a PhD in Semiotics and Cultural Studies from University of Tartu, Estonia.

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Published Online: 2024-12-05

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