Abstract
Political speeches are a prime example of how discourse often requires speakers to convey multiple competing viewpoints, both their own and others’. Cognitive linguists have shown how, in speech, speakers express viewpoint through individual choices at the lexical and grammatical level. Recently, cognitive linguists have also shown that speakers express viewpoint using speech-accompanying gestures. To date, the study of viewpoint expression has focused on cases where speakers deliver the same viewpoint across modalities. By examining the persuasive uses of gesture in Obama’s A More Perfect Union speech, I show how speakers can communicate multiple different viewpoints across gesture and speech, simultaneously. There are moments when Obama expresses his opponents’ viewpoint in speech, while framing them in terms of his own viewpoint in gesture, and vice versa. I discuss how the deviation of viewpoints across modalities provides key insights into multimodal cognition, with respect to working memory, metaphor, and persuasion. Specifically, I argue that, as an implicit medium, gesture allows speakers to inject viewpoint into the uptake of speech, below the conscious radar of recipients, and I discuss how this rhetorical capacity is evolving as a result of communication technologies.
Funding statement: This work was supported by The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, (Grant/Award Number: ‘Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada PhD Scholarship’).
Appendix






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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Viewpoint phenomena in multimodal communication
- Experiencing and construing spatial artifacts from within: Simulated artifact immersion as a multimodal viewpoint strategy
- How politicians express different viewpoints in gesture and speech simultaneously
- Eye gaze and viewpoint in multimodal interaction management
- Alignment and empathy as viewpoint phenomena: The case of amplifiers and comical hypotheticals
- Composite utterances in a signed language: Topic constructions and perspective-taking in ASL
- Mediated characters: Multimodal viewpoint construction in comics
- Internet memes as multimodal constructions
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Viewpoint phenomena in multimodal communication
- Experiencing and construing spatial artifacts from within: Simulated artifact immersion as a multimodal viewpoint strategy
- How politicians express different viewpoints in gesture and speech simultaneously
- Eye gaze and viewpoint in multimodal interaction management
- Alignment and empathy as viewpoint phenomena: The case of amplifiers and comical hypotheticals
- Composite utterances in a signed language: Topic constructions and perspective-taking in ASL
- Mediated characters: Multimodal viewpoint construction in comics
- Internet memes as multimodal constructions