Stress as a Suprasegmental Phonological Shift in Translation: A New Category of Linguistic Shifts

Appendix

SPPT 1) “I have been to China twice. (Murphy, 2004, p. 14).

Persian Translation: /man do bâr be čin rafˈtam./

SPT1) I went to China last year.

Persian Translation: /man pârsâl be čin ˈraftam./

SPPT 2) “I have drunk four cups of coffee today.” (Murphy, 2004, p. 16).

Persian Translation: /man emruz čahâr fenjâne qahvenušiˈdam./

SPT 2) I drank four cups of coffee yesterday.

Persian Translation: /man diruz čahâ rfenjâne qahve ˈnušidam./

SPPT 3) “Prices have decreased by 7% [recently, as added by the researcher].” (Hewings, 2005, p. 12).

Persian Translation: /axiran qeimathâ 7% kâheš yâfˈtand./

SPT 3) Prices decreased by 7% last year.

Persian Translation: /pârsâl qeimathâ 7% kâheš ˈyâftand./

SPPT 4) “We have just come back from our holiday.” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 28).

Persian Translation: /mâ tâze az tatilâtemân bargašˈtim./

SPT 4) We came back from our holiday last week.

Persian Translation: /mâ hafte gozašte aztatilâtemân ˈbargaštim./

SPPT 5) “Have you ever met a famous person?” (Coe, Harrison, & Paterson 2006, p. 32).

Persian Translation: /âyâ tâ be hâl šaxse mašhuri râ molâqât karˈdi?/

SPT 5) Did you meet a famous person last night?

Persian Translation: /âyâ dišab šaxse mašhuri râ molâqâtˈkardi?/

SPPT 6) “I have seen this film before?” (Coe, Harrison, & Paterson 2006, p. 32)

Persian Translation: /man qablan in film râ diˈdam./

SPT 6) I saw this film yesterday.

Persian Translation: /man diruz in film râ ˈdidam./

SPPT 7) “I have worked here since 1997.” (Yule, 2006, p. 18).

Persian Translation: /man az sâle 1997 injâ kâr karˈdam./

SPT 7) I worked here two years ago.

Persian Translation: /man do sale piš injâ kâr ˈkardam./

SPPT 8) “They [have, as used by the researcher instead of haven’t] lived in Shanghai for long.” (Parrott, 2000, p. 160)

Persian Translation: /modate ziâdist ke ânhâ dar šânghây zendegi karˈdand./

SPT 8) They lived in Shanghai last month.

Persian Translation: /mâhe piš ânhâ dar šânghây zendegi ˈkardand./

SPPT 9) “I have [just, as added by the researcher] cut my finger.” (Murphy, 2004, p. 14).

Persian Translation: /man tâze angoštam râboriˈdam./

SPT 9) I cut my finger yesterday.

Persian Translation: /man diruz angoštam râ ˈboridam./

SPPT 10) “I have forgotten it [today, as added by the researcher].” (Murphy, 2004, p. 14).

Persian Translation: /man emruz in râ farâmuškarˈdam./

SPT 10) I forgot it when I was at the meeting.

Persian Translation: /man vaqti dar jalase budam in râ farâmuš ˈkardam./

SPPT 11) “Have you seen it [before, as added by the researcher]?” (Murphy, 2004, p. 14).

Persian Translation: /’âyâ qablan in râdiˈdi?/

SPT 11) Did you see it last week?

Persian Translation: /’âyâ hafte piš in râˈdidi?/

SPPT 12) “Have you just arrived?” (Murphy, 2004, p. 14).

Persian Translation: /’âyâ tâzeresiˈdi?/

SPT 12) Did you arrive on time last night?

Persian Translation: /’âyâ dišab be mowqe ˈresidi?/

SPPT 13) “I have already sent it.” (Murphy, 2004, p. 14).

Persian Translation: /’âyâ qablan in râ ferestâˈdi?/

SPT 13) Did you send it last week?

Persian Translation: /’âyâ hafte gozašte in râˈferestâdi?/

SPPT 14) “Have you heard from Brian recently?” (Murphy, 2004, p. 16).

Persian Translation: /’âyâ axiran az berâyân xabarigeref ˈti?/

SPT 14) Did you hear from Brian when you were in America?

Persian Translation: /’âyâ vaqti darâmrikâ budia zberâyâ nxabari ˈgerefti?/

SPPT 15) “I have been to lots of places [since 2009, as added by the researcher].” (Murphy, 2004, p. 16).

Persian Translation: /man az sale 2009 jâhây eziâdi rafˈtam./

SPT 15) I went to many places last year.

Persian Translation: /man pârsâl jâhâye ziâdi ˈraftam./

SPPT 16) “I have met a lot of people in the last few days.” (Murphy, 2004, p. 16).

Persian Tarnslation: /man dar čand ruze gozašte afrâde ziâdi râ molâqâtkarˈdam./

SPT 16) I met many people last night.

Persian Translation: /man dišab afrâde ziâdi râ molâqât ˈkardam./

SPPT 17) “Have you [ever, as added by the researcher] traveled a lot, Jane?” (Murphy, 2004, p. 16).

Persian Translation: /jein, ’âyâ tâ be hâ lziâd be safar raf ˈti?/

SPT 17) Did you travel a lot last year, Jane?

Persian Translation: /jein, ’âyâ pârsâl ziâd be safar ˈrafti?/

SPPT 18) “[They, as replaced by the researcher with he] have gone to Italy [recently, as added by the researcher].” (Murphy, 2004, p. 14).

Persian Translation: /’ânhâ axiran be itâliâ raf ˈtand./

SPT 18) They went to Italy last year.

Persian Translation: /’ânhâ pârsâl be itâliâ ˈraftand./

SPPT 19) “[This morning, as added by the researcher] workers have called for management to begin negotiations on pay.” (Coe, Harrison, &Paterson, 2006, p. 32).

Persian Translation: /emruz sobh kârgarân kârfarmâyân râ majbur be âqâze mozâkere bar sare hoquqkarˈdand./

SPT 19) Yesterday morning workers called for management to begin negotiations on pay.

Persian Translation: /diruz sobh kârgarân kârfarmâyân râ majbur be âqâze mozâkere bar sare hoquq ˈkardand./

SPPT 20) “We have washed the dishes [before, as added by the researcher].” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 26).

Persian Translation: / mâqablanzarfhârâšosˈtim./

SPT 20) We washed the dishes last night.

Persian Translation: /mâdišabzarfhârâ ˈšostim./

SPPT 21) “I have [already, as added by the researcher] made a shopping list.” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 26).

Persian Translation: /man azqablyeklistexaridtahiyekaraˈdam./

SPT 21) I made a shopping list yesterday.

Persian Translation: /man diruzyeklistexaridtahiye ˈkardam./

SPPT 22) “We have eaten all the eggs [today, as added by the researcher].” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 26).

Persian Translation: /mâemruztamâmetoxmemorqhârâxorˈdim./

SPT 22) We ate all the eggs yesterday.

Persian Translation: /mâdiruztamâmetoxmemorqhârâ ˈxordim./

SPPT 23) “You have broken this watch [since last year, as added by the researcher].” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 26).

Persian Translation: /to azpârsâl do bâr in sâatrâšekasˈti./

SPT 23) You broke this watch last year.

Persian Translation: /to pârsâl do bâr in sâatrâ ˈšekasti./

SPPT 24) “They have learnt the words [recently, as added by the researcher].” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 26).

Persian Translation: /’ânhâ axiran kalamât râ yâd gerefˈtand./

SPT 24) They learnt the words in the last session.

Persian Translation: /’ânhâ dar jalase qabl kalamât râ yâd ˈgereftand./

SPPT 25) “Have you ever played cricket?” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 28).

Persian Translation: /’âyâ tâ be hâl kiriket bâzikarˈdi?/

SPT 25) Did you play cricket yesterday?

Persian Translation: /’âyâ diruz kiriket bâzi ˈkardi?/

SPPT 26) “Have you had a holiday this year?” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 28).

Persian Translation: /’âyâ emsâl tatilât dâšˈti?/

SPT 26) Did you have a holiday last year?

Persian Translation: /’âyâpârsâltatilât ˈdâšti?/

SPPT 27) “How long have Trevor and Laura been married?” (Eastwood, 2006, p. 28).

Persian Translation: /čandvaqteketevervalorâezdevâjkar9dand?/

SPT 27) Did Trevor and Laura get married last month?

Persian Translation: /’âyâmâhepištevervalorâezdevâj ˈkar dand?/

SPPT 28) “This is the best coffee I have ever tasted.” (Yule, 2006, p. 18).

Persian Translation: /in behtarinqahveieke man tâ be hâlnušiˈdam./

SPT 28) The coffee that I drank was the best.

Persian Translation: /qahveike man ˈnušidambehtarin bud./

SPPT 29) “How long have you worked here?” (Yule, 2006, p. 18).

Persian Translation: /čemodatinjâkârkar9di?/

SPT 29) Did you work here last year?

Persian Translation: /’âyâpârsâlinjâkâr ˈkardi?/

SPPT 30) “We have [just, as added by the researcher] made chicken soup.” (Yule, 2006, p. 18).

Persian Translation: /mâtâzesupemorqdorostkarˈdim./

SPT 30) We made chicken soup last night.

Persian Translation: /mâdišabsupemorqdorost ˈkardim./