Assessment of two prop-2-enamide-based polyelectrolytes as property enhancers in aqueous bentonite mud
-
Robert D. Nagre
,
Lin Zhao
Large amounts of hydrocarbons are located in deeper formations where higher temperatures are experienced, hence designing a proper drilling fluid to tolerate such conditions has represented a challenging task for researchers in the field. The current work is focused on evaluating the effectiveness of poly(prop-2-enamide-sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonate-ethenyl ethanoate), designated as CP4 and poly(prop-2-enamide-sodium-prop-2-enoate-N,N′ -dimethylprop-2-enamide-N-vinylpyrrolidone), denoted as CP5 as additives in water-based drilling fluids. The effect of temperature and salt on the copolymer-incorporated mud properties was examined. The reaction conditions were optimised for synthesis of the terpolymer and tetrapolymer. The chemical structures of copolymers were characterised by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the copolymers was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Both copolymers exhibited effectiveness in mud viscosity enhancement. The presence of the rigid pyrrole ring in CP5 and the bulky sulphonate side-group in CP4 provided thermal resistance and salt tolerance in their respective copolymer structures. CP4 demonstrated greater fluid-loss reduction by providing 7-fold American Petroleum Institute (API) fluid control and 8-fold high temperature high pressure (HTHP) fluid-loss control at 150°C while CP5 achieved 6-fold control in both parameters in comparison with the blank.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their gratitude for the important support received from Prof. Xu Ming-biao, Managing Director of Jingzhou Jiahua Technology Company Limited for carrying out some of the tests in their Drilling Fluid laboratory. They also wish to express their indebtedness to Prof. Chunzhi Luo and Dr. Yuanzhu Mi for use of the laboratory facilities of the College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of Yangtze University in this work. Authors NRD and FIK gratefully acknowledge the immense assistance received from the Management of Kumasi Polytechnic.
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© 2015 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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