Abstract
Based on the periodization and zoning of the burials of the Mongol Khanate period and the Yuan Dynasty and referring to the textual materials of the stone tablets and epitaphs and the different funeral customs, this paper classified these burials into the burials of the Mongol people, the burials of the “Mongolized” people, the burials of the “Semu ren (Miscellaneous aliens)” and that of the Han people, and preliminarily summarized the features of the funeral customs of the tombs of the Mongol people, provided references for identifying the tombs of the Mongol Khanate period and the Yuan Dynasty without inscriptions.
Postscript
The original paper published in Kaogu 考古 (Archaeology) 2015.9:114–20 with two illustrations was authored by Xinlin Dong 董新林. This English translation is done by Xiaolei Ding 丁晓雷.
References
The Archaeological Bureau of the City of Beijing 北京市文物事业管理局 and others. 1980. 北京市斋堂辽壁画墓发掘简报 (Excavation of the Liao Dynasty wall paintings tomb at Zhaitang). Wenwu 文物 (Cultural relics) 7:23–7. The excavators and some researchers misidentified this tomb as that of the Liao Dynasty.Search in Google Scholar
Cultural Relics Department of Datong Municipal Bureau of Culture 大同市文化局文物科. 1987. 山西大同东郊元代崔莹李氏墓 (The tomb of Lady Li, the wife of Cui Family, in the eastern outskirts of Datong, Shanxi). Wenwu 6:87–90.Search in Google Scholar
Cultural Relics Division of Inner Mongolia Cultural Bureau 内蒙古自治区文化厅文物处 et al. 1994. 内蒙古凉城县后德胜元墓清理简报 (Excavation of a Yuan Dynasty tomb at Houdesheng of Liangcheng County in Inner Mongolia). Wenwu 10:10–8.Search in Google Scholar
Cultural Relics Institute of Beijing 北京市文物研究所. 1992. 北京地区发现两座元代墓葬 (Two burials of the Yuan Dynasty found in Beijing area). Beijing wenwu yu kaogu 北京文物与考古 (Cultural relics and archaeology of Beijing) vol. 3. Beijing: Miyun Huadu yinshuachang. pp. 219–23.Search in Google Scholar
Cultural Relics Institute of Beijing 北京市文物研究所. 2001. 北京元耶律铸夫妇合葬墓 (The tomb of Yeluzhu[sic] and his wife of the Yuan Dynasty in Beijing). In State Administration of Cultural Relics 国家文物局[eds]. 1998 Zhongguo zhongyao kaogu faxian 1998 中国重要考古发现 (Major archaeological discoveries in China in 1998). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. pp. 111–5.Search in Google Scholar
Datong Museum 大同市博物馆. 1993. 大同元代壁画墓 (A mural tomb of the Yuan Dynasty in Datong) Wenwu jikan 文物季刊 (Journal of Chinese antiquity) 2:17–24.Search in Google Scholar
Dong, Xinlin 董新林. 2006. 蒙元时期墓葬壁画题材及其相关问题 (On the mural themes from the Mongolia and Yuan period tombs and related problems). In Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences [eds]. Ershiyi shiji de Zhongguo kaoguxue: qingzhu Tong Zhuchen xiansheng bashiwu huadan xueshu wenji 二十一世纪的中国考古学: 庆祝佟柱臣先生八十五华诞学术文集 (Chinese archaeology in the 21st century). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. pp. 856–85.Search in Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology of Beijing 北京市文物研究所. 1986. 元铁可父子墓和张弘纲墓 (The tombs of Tie Ke, his father and Zhang Honggang). Kaogu xuebao 考古学报 Acta Archaeologica Sinica 1:95–114.Search in Google Scholar
Liaoning Museum 辽宁省博物馆 and Lingyuan County Cultural Center 凌源县文化馆. 1985. 凌源富家屯元墓 (Tombs of the Yuan Dynasty at Fujiatun in Lingyuan) Wenwu 6:55–64.Search in Google Scholar
The Museum of the City of Ta T’ung 大同市文物陈列馆 and the Commission for the Preservation of the Yun Kang Caves, Shansi Province 山西云冈文物管理所. 1962. 山西省大同市元代冯道真, 王青墓清理简报 (Excavations of the Yuan Dynasty tombs of Fêng Tao-chên and Wang Ch’ing at Ta T’ung, Shansi). Wenwu 10:34–43.Search in Google Scholar
Qin, Dashu 秦大树. 2004. Song Yuan Ming kaogu 宋元明考古 (Archaeology of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. pp. 226–7.Search in Google Scholar
Ren, Yashan 任亚珊 and Chunchang Zhang 张春长. 2003. 河北沽源“梳妆楼”元代墓地 (Shuzhuanglou Yuan tomb). In State Administration of Cultural Heritage 国家文物局 [eds]. 2003. 2002 Zhongguo zhongyao kaogu faxian 2002 中国重要考古发现 (Major archaeological discoveries in China in 2002). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. pp. 147–51.Search in Google Scholar
[Ming]Song, Lian 宋濂. 1976. Yuanshi 元史 (History of Yuan). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. pp. 1925–6.Search in Google Scholar
Tan, Qixiang 谭其骧. 1982–7. Zhongguo lishi ditu ji 中国历史地图集 (The historical atlas of China) vol. 7. [Shanghai]: Ditu chubanshe. pp. 5–6 [Full map of the Yuan Dynasty as the first year of Zhishun 至顺 Era (1330 CE)].Search in Google Scholar
Wang, Yintian 王银田 and Shuyun Li 李树云. 1995. 大同市西郊元墓发掘简报 (A preliminary report of the excavation of the tombs of the Yuan Dynasty on the western utskirts[sic] of Datong). Wenwu jikan 2:27–35.Search in Google Scholar
Wei, Jian 魏坚. 2008. Yuan Shangdu 元上都 (Shangdu site of the Yuan Dynasty) vol. 1. Beijing: Zhongguo Da Baikequanshu chubanshe. pp. 601–45.Search in Google Scholar
Xiang, Chunsong 项春松 and Jianguo Wang 王建国. 1982. 内蒙昭盟赤峰三眼井元代壁画墓 (The Jin[sic] Dynasty tomb with wall paintings at Sanyanjing in Chifengxian, Inner Mongolia). Wenwu 1:54–8.Search in Google Scholar
Xiang, Chunsong 项春松. 1983. 内蒙古赤峰市元宝山元代壁画墓 (The Yuan Dynasty tomb with wall paintings at Yuanbao shan in the City of Ulanhad, Inner Mongolia). Wenwu 4:40–9.Search in Google Scholar
Xu, Pingfang 徐苹芳. 1984. 金元墓葬的发掘 (The excavation of the burials of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties). In Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 中国社会科学院考古研究所[eds]. Xin Zhongguo de kaogu faxian he yanjiu 新中国的考古发现和研究 (Archaeological excavation and researches in new China). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. pp. 607–9.Search in Google Scholar
[Ming]Ye, Ziqi 叶子奇. 1997. Caomu zi 草木子 (Book of the Fading-like-grass Master). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. p. 60.Search in Google Scholar
Yuan, Quan 袁泉. 2012. 政治动因下的“蒙古衣冠”: 赤峰周边蒙元壁画墓的再思 (Succession and innovation under the political momentum: an archaeological study on the funeral culture around Chifeng in the Mongol-Yuan period). In Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University 吉林大学边疆考古中心[eds]. Bianjiang kaogu yanjiu 边疆考古研究 (Research of China’s frontier archaeology) vol. 12. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe. pp. 341–55.Search in Google Scholar
Zhao, Qi 赵琦. 2003. 河北省沽源县“梳妆楼”元蒙古贵族墓墓主考 (The examination on the occupant of the Shuzhuanglou Mongol noble tomb of the Yuan Dynasty in Guyuan County, Hebei). Zhongguo shi yanjiu 中国史研究 (Journal of Chinese historical studies) 2:173–5.Search in Google Scholar
Zhou, Liangxiao 周良霄. 2011. 沽源南沟村元墓与阔里吉思考 (An explanation of the Korguz and the occupant of a Yuan tomb at the Nangou Village in Guyuan County). Kaogu yu wenwu 考古与文物 (Archaeology and cultural relics) 4:99–102.Search in Google Scholar
© 2018 by Walter de Gruyter, Inc. · Boston · Berlin
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- New archaeological discoveries
- The Banlashan Cemetery of Hongshan Culture in Chaoyang City, Liaoning
- Surveys and excavations in 2014–2016 at Shijiahe Site in Tianmen City, Hubei
- The Imperial City Terrace Locality of the Shimao City Site in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province
- The Jartai Pass Site in Nilka County, Xinjiang
- Reports
- The excavation of the Modaoshan Site of the Paleolithic Age in Yunan County, Guangdong
- The excavation of the Daxi Cultural remains at Dashuitian Site in Wushan County, Chongqing
- The excavation of the Wujiachang Cemetery in Fuquanshan Site, Shanghai in 2010
- The Shang burials at the Yangjiawan Locality of the Panlongcheng Site in Wuhan
- The excavation of burial M89 at Tiesan Road at the Yinxu Site in Anyang, Henan
- The excavation of the burial M8 at the Zhoujiazhai Cemetery in Suizhou, Hubei
- The recovering of the Qianfosi cliff sculptures in Tongnan County, Chongqing
- Research
- On the subsistence types of the Xiantouling Culture
- On the origin and formation of the early Qin Culture
- On the provenance study method of the archaeological relics based on styles and distributions
- Maitreya statues in the Southern Dynasties and the incarnation of Fu Dashi as Maitreya
- A preliminary research on the burials of the Mongol Khanate period and Yuan Dynasty in northern area
- The emergence and early utilization of domestic sheep in Xinjiang
- The development and formation of soldering technique on the bronze ritual vessel casting of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties
- Brief report on the laboratory archaeology of the tomb M1 at Dahekou
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- New archaeological discoveries
- The Banlashan Cemetery of Hongshan Culture in Chaoyang City, Liaoning
- Surveys and excavations in 2014–2016 at Shijiahe Site in Tianmen City, Hubei
- The Imperial City Terrace Locality of the Shimao City Site in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province
- The Jartai Pass Site in Nilka County, Xinjiang
- Reports
- The excavation of the Modaoshan Site of the Paleolithic Age in Yunan County, Guangdong
- The excavation of the Daxi Cultural remains at Dashuitian Site in Wushan County, Chongqing
- The excavation of the Wujiachang Cemetery in Fuquanshan Site, Shanghai in 2010
- The Shang burials at the Yangjiawan Locality of the Panlongcheng Site in Wuhan
- The excavation of burial M89 at Tiesan Road at the Yinxu Site in Anyang, Henan
- The excavation of the burial M8 at the Zhoujiazhai Cemetery in Suizhou, Hubei
- The recovering of the Qianfosi cliff sculptures in Tongnan County, Chongqing
- Research
- On the subsistence types of the Xiantouling Culture
- On the origin and formation of the early Qin Culture
- On the provenance study method of the archaeological relics based on styles and distributions
- Maitreya statues in the Southern Dynasties and the incarnation of Fu Dashi as Maitreya
- A preliminary research on the burials of the Mongol Khanate period and Yuan Dynasty in northern area
- The emergence and early utilization of domestic sheep in Xinjiang
- The development and formation of soldering technique on the bronze ritual vessel casting of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties
- Brief report on the laboratory archaeology of the tomb M1 at Dahekou