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Serum GFAP – pediatric reference interval in a cohort of Danish children

  • Lea Tybirk ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Claus Vinter Bødker Hviid , Cindy Soendersoe Knudsen and Tina Parkner
Published/Copyright: May 18, 2023
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 61 Issue 11

Abstract

Objectives

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in blood is an emerging biomarker of brain injury and neurological disease. Its clinical use in children is limited by the lack of a reference interval (RI). Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish an age-dependent continuous RI for serum GFAP in children.

Methods

Excess serum from routine allergy testing of 391 children, 0.4–17.9 years of age, was measured by a single-molecule array (Simoa) assay. A continuous RI was modelled using non-parametric quantile regression and presented both graphically and tabulated as discrete one-year RIs based on point estimates from the model.

Results

Serum GFAP showed a strong age-dependency with declining levels and variability from infants to adolescents. The estimated median level decreased 66 % from four months to five years of age and another 65 % from five years to 17.9 years of age. No gender difference was observed.

Conclusions

The study establishes an age-dependent RI for serum GFAP in children showing high levels and variability in the first years of life.

Keywords: children; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); reference interval; serum
Corresponding author: Lea Tybirk, MD, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Aarhus, Denmark, E-mail:

Funding source: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital

Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank Christian Gundesen for setting up the algorithm used to identify the relevant blood samples, and Charlotte Noerby Pedersen, Katrine Bremer and Arnaq Hammeken for organizing the analysis of blood samples and for excellent technical assistance.

  1. Research funding: The study was funded by the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: According to Danish legislation, no approval from an Ethical Committee was required for the present study using anonymized biological material only.

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Received: 2023-03-17
Accepted: 2023-05-09
Published Online: 2023-05-18
Published in Print: 2023-10-26

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-0280
Keywords for this article
children; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); reference interval; serum

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. The development of reference measurement procedures to establish metrological traceability
  4. Opinion Paper
  5. Establishing metrological traceability for small molecule measurands in laboratory medicine
  6. Articles
  7. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of aldosterone in human serum and plasma
  8. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma
  9. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of lamotrigine in human serum and plasma
  10. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure for the quantification of topiramate in human serum and plasma
  11. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of gabapentin in human serum and plasma
  12. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure for the quantification of levetiracetam in human serum and plasma
  13. Review
  14. Recent advances of drugs monitoring in oral fluid and comparison with blood
  15. Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
  16. One fits all: a highly sensitive combined ddPCR/pyrosequencing system for the quantification of microchimerism after hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation
  17. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  18. Design of an algorithm for the detection of intravenous fluid contamination in clinical laboratory samples
  19. Sex-specific disparities of serum pepsinogen I in relation to body mass index
  20. Rapid and efficient LC-MS/MS diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders: a semi-automated workflow for analysis of organic acids, acylglycines, and acylcarnitines in urine
  21. Persistently elevated serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
  22. Reference Values and Biological Variations
  23. Pediatric reference interval verification for 16 biochemical markers on the Alinity ci system in the CALIPER cohort of healthy children and adolescents
  24. Serum GFAP – pediatric reference interval in a cohort of Danish children
  25. Cardiovascular Diseases
  26. Higher troponin T serum concentrations in hospital patients without diagnosed cardiac diseases compared to a population-based cohort
  27. Infectious Diseases
  28. Neopterin and kynurenine in serum and urine as prognostic biomarkers in hospitalized patients with delta and omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infection
  29. Letters to the Editor
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