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Unforeseen green tide of floating tubular Ulva meridionalis, a lethal threat to oyster farming, along the west coast of Taiwan: tracking its origin and ecophysiological insights

  • Chun-Yu Su

    Chun-Yu Su is a PhD student at the Department of Life Science, Tunghai University (Taiwan). He is currently studying the Ulva diversity and green tide issue in Taiwan. Mr. Su also possesses expertise in marine ecology, biodiversity and conservation and malacology.

     ORCID logo     , Silvia Fontana

    Silvia Fontana is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Life Science, Tunghai University (Taiwan). After focusing on ecology and genetics of corals and fire ants during her PhD (TIGP Biodiversity Program, Academia Sinica), she now works on the ecology and biodiversity of algae. The major focus of her work is to understand the ecological and evolutionary drivers shaping the invasion, diversity, and biogeography of algae.

     ORCID logo     and Shao-Lun Liu

    Shao-Lun Liu is a professor at the Department of Life Science, Tunghai University (Taiwan). After being awarded a Ph.D. in Botany (University of British Columbia), he investigated the hidden diversity within algae, as well as the ecological and evolutionary drivers that shape their communities and genomics. His current research primarily focuses on red algae, but he occasionally works on other groups of algae (i.e., Ulva green tide).

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 29, 2024
Botanica Marina
From the journal Botanica Marina Volume 68 Issue 1

Abstract

Ulva green tides have adversely affected coastal ecosystems. In June 2023 in Changhua County, Taiwan, an unprecedented floating tubular Ulva bloom spanning about 30 km of coastline caused about 30 % reduction in oyster yield as reported by local farmers. Understanding its taxonomic and ecological basis is crucial for preemptive and remedial measures. Based on molecular (rbcL and tufA) and morphological evidence, Ulva meridionalis was the cause of this green tide. Haplotype network analysis (based on ITS) suggests that this green tide originated from northern China via the China Coastal Current. Historical survey data indicate that U. meridionalis arrived in Taoyuan Algal Reef (about 150 km north of the bloom area) as far back as 2018. Our ecophysiological experiments revealed that U. meridionalis exhibited a rapid daily growth rate with biomass increment up to 13–21 % when subjected to local nutrient-rich waters under lower salinity and spring-like conditions. Although historical ecological and poultry/livestock data analyses showed no noticeable change in sea surface temperature and rainfall over the past decade, a gradual rise in agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus output was observed. This taxonomic and ecological background lays the groundwork for long-term ecological monitoring. Moreover, this study exemplifies the detrimental impact of an unforeseen Ulva bloom on oyster farming.

Keywords: green tide; ecophysiology; oyster farming; Taiwan; Ulva meridionalis
Corresponding author: Shao-Lun Liu, Department of Life Science and Center for Ecology and Environment, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, E-mail:

Funding source: National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan

Award Identifier / Grant number: NSTC 111-2621-B-029-002-MY3

Award Identifier / Grant number: NSTC 113-2628-M-029-001-MY3

Award Identifier / Grant number: NSTC 112-2811-B-029-001

About the authors

Chun-Yu Su

Chun-Yu Su is a PhD student at the Department of Life Science, Tunghai University (Taiwan). He is currently studying the Ulva diversity and green tide issue in Taiwan. Mr. Su also possesses expertise in marine ecology, biodiversity and conservation and malacology.

Silvia Fontana

Silvia Fontana is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Life Science, Tunghai University (Taiwan). After focusing on ecology and genetics of corals and fire ants during her PhD (TIGP Biodiversity Program, Academia Sinica), she now works on the ecology and biodiversity of algae. The major focus of her work is to understand the ecological and evolutionary drivers shaping the invasion, diversity, and biogeography of algae.

Shao-Lun Liu

Shao-Lun Liu is a professor at the Department of Life Science, Tunghai University (Taiwan). After being awarded a Ph.D. in Botany (University of British Columbia), he investigated the hidden diversity within algae, as well as the ecological and evolutionary drivers that shape their communities and genomics. His current research primarily focuses on red algae, but he occasionally works on other groups of algae (i.e., Ulva green tide).

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Su-Fen Wang and her team in the platform of Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research (LTSER) in Changhua for their intellectual discussion and field work assistance. We also thank Mr. Peng-Feng Zheng (village head in Hanbao, Fangyuan) and local oyster farmers for providing information in relation to the impact of the Ulva bloom on oyster farming.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: CYS contributed to the study conception, sample collection, experiment, data analysis, and writing, SF contributed to data analysis and writing, SLL contributed to the study conception, funding acquisition, supervision, and writing.

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding this article.

  4. Research funding: This study was supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan to SLL (NSTC 111-2621-B-029-002-MY3 and NSTC 113-2628-M-029-001-MY3) and SF (NSTC 112-2811-B-029-001).

  5. Data availability: GenBank accession number of rbcL, tufA, and ITS sequences newly generated in this study is available in the Supplementary Table S1.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2024-0006).

Received: 2024-02-01
Accepted: 2024-07-31
Published Online: 2024-08-29
Published in Print: 2025-02-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Editorial
  4. Phylogeny and ecology of the green seaweed Ulva. Part II
  5. Evolution and Biodiversity
  6. Unforeseen green tide of floating tubular Ulva meridionalis, a lethal threat to oyster farming, along the west coast of Taiwan: tracking its origin and ecophysiological insights
  7. Morphological discrimination of fouling Ulva and Blidingia species on Pyropia rafts in Rudong, China: an in-field protocol for early monitoring of algae forming the Yellow Sea green tide
  8. A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations
  9. Bioactives
  10. The effect of irradiance versus light dose on the antioxidant activity of two strains of Ulva lacinulata
  11. Unlocking economic potential of the Ulva crop for low salinity environments: exploring the effect of salinity gradients on the performance and valuable compounds of Baltic Sea strains
  12. Annual Reviewer Acknowledgement
  13. Reviewer acknowledgement Botanica Marina volume 67 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2024-0006
Keywords for this article
green tide; ecophysiology; oyster farming; Taiwan; Ulva meridionalis

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Editorial
  4. Phylogeny and ecology of the green seaweed Ulva. Part II
  5. Evolution and Biodiversity
  6. Unforeseen green tide of floating tubular Ulva meridionalis, a lethal threat to oyster farming, along the west coast of Taiwan: tracking its origin and ecophysiological insights
  7. Morphological discrimination of fouling Ulva and Blidingia species on Pyropia rafts in Rudong, China: an in-field protocol for early monitoring of algae forming the Yellow Sea green tide
  8. A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations
  9. Bioactives
  10. The effect of irradiance versus light dose on the antioxidant activity of two strains of Ulva lacinulata
  11. Unlocking economic potential of the Ulva crop for low salinity environments: exploring the effect of salinity gradients on the performance and valuable compounds of Baltic Sea strains
  12. Annual Reviewer Acknowledgement
  13. Reviewer acknowledgement Botanica Marina volume 67 (2024)
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