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Environmental gradients influence geographic differentiation and low genetic diversity of morphologically similar Ulva species in the Northwest Pacific

  • Kai-Le Zhong

    Kai-Le Zhong is a candidate Ph.D. student supervised by Dr. Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia and Dr. Bayden Russell in the School of Biological Science at the University of Hong Kong. She previously had a three-year master’s experience from the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, majoring in the phylogeography of seaweed. Now, her research interest is exploring drivers and mechanisms explaining geographic patterns of species distribution of macroalgae through the integration of molecular and physiological approaches.

     ORCID logo     , Masanori Hiraoka , Xu Gao , Bayden Russell , Zi-Min Hu , Weizhou Chen , Ju-Hyoung Kim , Norishige Yotsukura , Hikaru Endo , Naohiro Oka , Shinya Yoshikawa and Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia

    Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia is an evolutionary ecologist working at the SWIRE Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong Kong. JDGE’s research is oriented to understanding the mechanisms underpinning phenotypic and genetic variation in natural populations, local adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity. Insights from these mechanisms help JDGE to develop better projections about population/species responses to climate change and extreme events.

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: February 7, 2024
Botanica Marina
From the journal Botanica Marina Volume 67 Issue 2

Abstract

Species classified in the genus Ulva are important foundational marine primary producers distributed worldwide. These species are particularly abundant and diverse through the northwest Pacific (NWP) where they experience marked latitudinal gradients of environmental heterogeneity. It is unclear, however, to what extent such dynamic conditions can modulate phenotypic and genetic patterns in these organisms, potentially reflecting the influence of historical and contemporary biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we assessed inter- and intra-specific genetic patterns of Ulva species through the NWP using plastid rbcL and tufA gene sequences. Although we initially targeted Ulva australis based on morphological identification, we recovered eight Ulva genetic entities masked by morphological similarities. Except for the Ulva linza–procera–prolifera and U. lactuca–reticulata complexes, six of these genetic entities were recovered as individual species (i.e., U. australis, U. ohnoi, U. californica, U. compressa, U. lacinulata, and U. arasakii), and showed biogeographic patterns likely explained by clines in sea surface temperature and ocean current dispersal. At intra-specific level, all the genetic entities showed low genetic variation and divergence based on rbcL (0–0.3 %) and tuf A (0–0.9 %) data. Our results provide insights regarding intra- and inter-specific genetic patterns characterizing morphologically similar Ulva species through the NWP. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning such patterns and the associated ecological and evolutionary implications.

Keywords: biodiversity; China; genetic diversity; green tides; seaweed
Corresponding author: Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia, The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China, E-mail:

Funding source: Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee

Award Identifier / Grant number: ECS 27124318

Funding source: Dalian Ocean University

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

Funding source: Yantai University

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

Funding source: Ningbo University

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

Funding source: Jimei University

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

Funding source: Mie University

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

About the authors

Kai-Le Zhong

Kai-Le Zhong is a candidate Ph.D. student supervised by Dr. Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia and Dr. Bayden Russell in the School of Biological Science at the University of Hong Kong. She previously had a three-year master’s experience from the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, majoring in the phylogeography of seaweed. Now, her research interest is exploring drivers and mechanisms explaining geographic patterns of species distribution of macroalgae through the integration of molecular and physiological approaches.

Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia

Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia is an evolutionary ecologist working at the SWIRE Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong Kong. JDGE’s research is oriented to understanding the mechanisms underpinning phenotypic and genetic variation in natural populations, local adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity. Insights from these mechanisms help JDGE to develop better projections about population/species responses to climate change and extreme events.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Xiaoli Li (Dalian Ocean University), Ronglian Xing (Yantai University), Qijun Luo (Ningbo University), Dehua Ji (Jimei University), Kurashima Akira (Mie University) and all the co-authors who help to collect the Ulva samples.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable. No animal or human material was involved in this study.

  2. Author contributions: JDGE and KZ conceived the idea and designed the work. KZ developed DNA extractions, data analysis and led the manuscript writing with feedback from JDGE. MH detected the release of zoids. All authors were involved in sample collection and provided feedback on the final version of this work. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: JDGE and KZ were supported by the Research Grants Council (ECS 27124318) of Hong Kong. Z-MH was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971395).

  5. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author or GenBank under accession numbers OR004473-OR004487 (rbcL) and OR004488-OR004502 (tufA).

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0073).

Received: 2023-08-30
Accepted: 2023-12-22
Published Online: 2024-02-07
Published in Print: 2024-04-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Editorial
  4. Phylogeny and ecology of the green seaweed Ulva
  5. Cultivation
  6. Germanium dioxide as agent to control the biofouling diatom Fragilariopsis oceanica for the cultivation of Ulva fenestrata (Chlorophyta)
  7. Seasonal and culture period variations in the lipid and fatty acid content of Ulva lactuca cultivated in Mikhmoret onshore (Israel)
  8. Ecology and Biology
  9. Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
  10. High-temperature stress induces bacteria-specific adverse and reversible effects on Ulva (Chlorophyta) growth and its chemosphere in a reductionist model system
  11. Evolution and Biodiversity
  12. Environmental gradients influence geographic differentiation and low genetic diversity of morphologically similar Ulva species in the Northwest Pacific
  13. Taxonomic assessment of blade-forming Ulva species (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador using DNA sequencing
  14. Genetic analysis of Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) type specimens resolves northeast Pacific blade-forming species
  15. Updating the Ulvaceae in the green seaweeds of Britain and Ireland
https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0073
Keywords for this article
biodiversity; China; genetic diversity; green tides; seaweed

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Editorial
  4. Phylogeny and ecology of the green seaweed Ulva
  5. Cultivation
  6. Germanium dioxide as agent to control the biofouling diatom Fragilariopsis oceanica for the cultivation of Ulva fenestrata (Chlorophyta)
  7. Seasonal and culture period variations in the lipid and fatty acid content of Ulva lactuca cultivated in Mikhmoret onshore (Israel)
  8. Ecology and Biology
  9. Bioactivity and chemical screening of endophytic fungi associated with the seaweed Ulva sp. of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
  10. High-temperature stress induces bacteria-specific adverse and reversible effects on Ulva (Chlorophyta) growth and its chemosphere in a reductionist model system
  11. Evolution and Biodiversity
  12. Environmental gradients influence geographic differentiation and low genetic diversity of morphologically similar Ulva species in the Northwest Pacific
  13. Taxonomic assessment of blade-forming Ulva species (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador using DNA sequencing
  14. Genetic analysis of Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) type specimens resolves northeast Pacific blade-forming species
  15. Updating the Ulvaceae in the green seaweeds of Britain and Ireland
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