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Surf-diatoms from sandy beaches on the Eastern Coast of South America (Brazil): the identification of Anaulus Ehrenberg and Asterionellopsis Round

  • Andréa de Oliveira da Rocha Franco

    Andréa de Oliveira da Rocha Franco is a PhD candidate in Biological Oceanography at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande in Brazil. Her research expertise is ecology and taxonomy (morphological and molecular data) of marine phytoplankton, currently focusing on plankton communities from surf zones associated to events of diatom accumulations.

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo     , Matt Peter Ashworth

    Matt Peter Ashworth earned his PhD in Plant Biology from the University of Texas at Austin and is currently employed as a research associate at the UTEX Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Texas in the United States. His research is focused on the evolution, systematics and mechanisms of diversification in diatoms, using morphological, molecular and natural history data.

         , Debbie Du Preez

    Debbie Du Preez is a PhD candidate in Botany at Nelson Mandela University, School of Enviromental Sciences, Deparment of Botany, Gqeberha, South Africa. Her research expertise is in the field of marine botany focusing on surf-zone diatoms along the South African coastline.

         , Eileen Campbell

    Eileen Campbell is an Associate Professor at Nelson Mandela University, School of Enviromental Sciences, Deparment of Botany, Gqeberha, South Africa. She is one of the leaders in the biology of surf-diatoms in general and Anaulus australis in particular. She has worked on most temperate surf-diatom beaches on four continents.

         , Rodrigo Maggioni , Schonna R. Manning and Clarisse Odebrecht

    Clarisse Odebrecht has a PhD in Natural Sciences/Biological Oceanography and is Volunteer Professor at the Post Graduation Programme in Biological Oceanography. Her research expertise is within the field of marine ecology and biological oceanography focusing on phytoplankton taxonomy and ecology in estuaries and coastal environments.

     ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: August 21, 2023
Botanica Marina
From the journal Botanica Marina Volume 66 Issue 5

Abstract

“Surf diatoms” can form high biomass in the surf zone of sandy beaches around the world, Asterionellopsis and Anaulus being the main genera of this group in Brazil. Asterionellopsis glacialis was considered a cosmopolitan species, and taxonomic studies using molecular and morphological tools showed that A. glacialis is a complex with cryptic and semicryptic species. So, it would be plausible to suppose that Anaulus australis, another surf zone patch-forming diatom with wide latitudinal occurrence could also be part of a species complex. We collected and identified Anaulus and Asterionellopsis strains from tropical, subtropical and warm temperate sandy beaches on the east coast of South America (Brazil) based on genetic divergence, phylogeny, single-locus automated species delimitation methods (both genera), and frustule ultrastructure (Anaulus). Anaulus and Asterionellopsis showed contrasting diversity patterns and spatial distribution: a single species of Anaulus australis was registered in tropical and subtropical beaches, while at least three species of Asterionellopsis: A. tropicalis, A. thurstonii and A. guyunusae were observed at different latitudes, indicating that Asterionellopsis species have distinct ecological requirements. Asterionellopsis thurstonii was previously reported in Europe and it is documented here for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere. The different diversity patterns between these two surf diatom genera suggest that they are likely to have distinct ages, and dispersion and/or speciation processes.

Keywords: Anaulus ; cryptic species; diversity; phylogeny; species distribution
Corresponding author: Andrea de Oliveira da Rocha Franco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, PPGOB, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande – FURG, Av. Italia, km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil, E-mail:

Funding source: Brazilian Long-Term Ecological Research: CNPq/CAPES/FAPERGS/BC – Fundo Newton/PELD

Award Identifier / Grant number: 15/2016.

Funding source: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Award Identifier / Grant number: 203883/2017-9 

Funding source: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES)

Award Identifier / Grant number: Finance Code 001

About the authors

Andréa de Oliveira da Rocha Franco

Andréa de Oliveira da Rocha Franco is a PhD candidate in Biological Oceanography at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande in Brazil. Her research expertise is ecology and taxonomy (morphological and molecular data) of marine phytoplankton, currently focusing on plankton communities from surf zones associated to events of diatom accumulations.

Matt Peter Ashworth

Matt Peter Ashworth earned his PhD in Plant Biology from the University of Texas at Austin and is currently employed as a research associate at the UTEX Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Texas in the United States. His research is focused on the evolution, systematics and mechanisms of diversification in diatoms, using morphological, molecular and natural history data.

Debbie Du Preez

Debbie Du Preez is a PhD candidate in Botany at Nelson Mandela University, School of Enviromental Sciences, Deparment of Botany, Gqeberha, South Africa. Her research expertise is in the field of marine botany focusing on surf-zone diatoms along the South African coastline.

Eileen Campbell

Eileen Campbell is an Associate Professor at Nelson Mandela University, School of Enviromental Sciences, Deparment of Botany, Gqeberha, South Africa. She is one of the leaders in the biology of surf-diatoms in general and Anaulus australis in particular. She has worked on most temperate surf-diatom beaches on four continents.

Clarisse Odebrecht

Clarisse Odebrecht has a PhD in Natural Sciences/Biological Oceanography and is Volunteer Professor at the Post Graduation Programme in Biological Oceanography. Her research expertise is within the field of marine ecology and biological oceanography focusing on phytoplankton taxonomy and ecology in estuaries and coastal environments.

Acknowledgments

We thank the Plankton Laboratory team of LABOMAR of the Federal University of Ceará and Prof. Dr. Luiz L. Mafra Jr. of Federal University of Paraná for providing diatom samples for isolation. The Banco de Microrganismos Aidar & Kutner (BMA&K) of University of São Paulo for providing the strain from Baía do Trapandé, Cananéia, São Paulo. We would also like to thank the reviewers for their detailed analysis which improved the manuscript.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. A.O.R. Franco: original concept, drafting and editing manuscript, culturing, acquiring molecular and morphological electron microscopy data, phylogenetic and morphological analysis; M.P. Ashworth: drafting and editing manuscript, culturing, acquiring molecular data; D. Du Preez: editing manuscript, environmental sampling, acquiring molecular data; E. Campbell: editing manuscript, environmental sampling, morphological electron microscopy data; R. Maggioni: editing manuscript, acquiring molecular data, phylogenetic analysis; S.R. Manning: editing manuscript, culturing, acquiring molecular data; C. Odebrecht: original concept, drafting and editing manuscript, environmental sampling for culture.

  3. Competing interests: The authors states no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: This work was supported by Brazilian funding agencies: CNPq Proc. 203883/2017-9; the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001; Brazilian Long-Term Ecological Research: CNPq/CAPES/FAPERGS/BC – Fundo Newton/PELD nº 15/2016.

  5. Data availability: The alignments and bayesian phylogenetic trees used are available in FigShare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20372232.v2.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0067).

Received: 2022-10-21
Accepted: 2023-08-01
Published Online: 2023-08-21
Published in Print: 2023-10-26

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Physiology and Ecology
  4. Stable isotope values (δ 13C, δ 15N) of macroalgal communities at Loch Creran and its relevance for elucidating sources of macroalgal organic carbon in fjordic sedimentary systems
  5. Ecophysiology of Kuwaiti macroalgae with special emphasis on temperature and salinity tolerance related to the conditions at desalination plant outfalls
  6. Taxonomy/Phylogeny and Biogeography
  7. Species diversity of the brown alga Lobophora (Dictyotales) in the Con Co Island Marine Protected Area, Vietnam
  8. Surf-diatoms from sandy beaches on the Eastern Coast of South America (Brazil): the identification of Anaulus Ehrenberg and Asterionellopsis Round
  9. Alveolate species of Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae, Mastogloiales), including M. frickei Hustedt 1933 from Guam and two renamed species from Florida
  10. Genomics
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https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0067
Keywords for this article
Anaulus; cryptic species; diversity; phylogeny; species distribution

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Physiology and Ecology
  4. Stable isotope values (δ 13C, δ 15N) of macroalgal communities at Loch Creran and its relevance for elucidating sources of macroalgal organic carbon in fjordic sedimentary systems
  5. Ecophysiology of Kuwaiti macroalgae with special emphasis on temperature and salinity tolerance related to the conditions at desalination plant outfalls
  6. Taxonomy/Phylogeny and Biogeography
  7. Species diversity of the brown alga Lobophora (Dictyotales) in the Con Co Island Marine Protected Area, Vietnam
  8. Surf-diatoms from sandy beaches on the Eastern Coast of South America (Brazil): the identification of Anaulus Ehrenberg and Asterionellopsis Round
  9. Alveolate species of Mastogloia (Bacillariophyceae, Mastogloiales), including M. frickei Hustedt 1933 from Guam and two renamed species from Florida
  10. Genomics
  11. Differences between the wild-type and cultivated Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis revealed by quantitative proteome and gene expression profiling analysis
  12. Whither Marine Mycology
  13. History of marine mycology – a personal perspective
  14. An overview of fungal taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity in coastal and oceanic biomes in megadiverse Mexico
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