Home Skeletonema species (Bacillariophyta) from the northwestern Sea of Japan: morphology, ecology, seasonal and long-term dynamics
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Skeletonema species (Bacillariophyta) from the northwestern Sea of Japan: morphology, ecology, seasonal and long-term dynamics

  • Olga G. Shevchenko

    Olga G. Shevchenko, PhD is a senior researcher at the Laboratory of Marine Microbiota, NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia, and an associate professor at the Department of Water Bioresources and Aquaculture, Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Vladivostok, Russia. Her scientific interests include marine phytoplankton, taxonomy, morphology and ecology. She specializes in taxonomy and ecology of bloom-forming diatoms, long term monitoring of abundance trends, systematics and taxonomy.

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo     , Anna A. Ponomareva

    Anna A. Ponomareva, PhD is a researcher at the Laboratory of Deep-Sea Research, NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. Her scientific interests include marine phytoplankton, taxonomy, morphology and ecology. She specializes in taxonomy and ecology of bloom-forming diatoms, monitoring, culturing, electron microscopy and spectrometry.

         , Maria A. Shulgina

    Maria A. Shulgina is a PhD student of aquatic biology at the NSCMB FEB RAS, a junior researcher at the Laboratory of Marine Mammals, NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia, as well as a senior specialist at the Primorsky Aquarium Shared Equipment Facility, Vladivostok, Russia. Her scientific interests include diatoms, cell morphology and systematics. She specializes in light microscopy, scanning light microscopy, isolation and culturing of unicellular algae, monitoring and identification of phytoplankton.

         , Kirill O. Tevs

    Kirill O. Tevs is a PhD student of ecology at the Institute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia and a specialist at the Primorsky Aquarium Shared Equipment Facility, Vladivostok, Russia. His scientific interests include ecology, biology, taxonomy of unicellular algae. He specializes in mathematical statistics, database handling, transmission electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, taxonomy and ecology of marine phytoplankton.

         and Tatiana Yu. Orlova

    Tatiana Yu. Orlova, PhD is a lead researcher and scientific head of the Laboratory of Marine Microbiota, NSCMB FEB RAS and scientific head of the Marine Biobank, NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. Her scientific interests include marine planktonic and benthic microalgae, taxonomy, ecology, physiology, genetics and biochemistry. She specializes in monitoring harmful algae and biotoxins in the seas of the Russian Far East and investigating marine microbiomes and interactions between their members (microalgae and associated bacteria and fungi).
Published/Copyright: May 18, 2022
Botanica Marina
From the journal Botanica Marina Volume 65 Issue 3

Abstract

Skeletonema species are among the most important components of phytoplankton communities in the temperate and tropical Pacific Ocean. Data on Skeletonema species diversity and abundance in the northeastern Pacific are fragmentary. The long-term observations (1996–2019) of the phytoplankton from the coastal waters of the northwestern Sea of Japan resulted in five Skeletonema species being recorded: Skeletonema costatum, S. dohrnii, S. japonicum, S. marinoi and S. menzelii. For each of the species, a morphological description is provided based on electron microscopy. Ecological factors influencing the distribution of the species and their occurrence under certain environmental parameters are discussed. One of the species, S. menzelii, is a new record for Russia. Skeletonema costatum was confirmed to occur in the study area. Seasonal and interannual changes in the abundance of Skeletonema species were studied. The concentrations of the species varied from 20 cells l−1 to 12,700,000 cells l−1. From 1996 to 2018 there was a downward trend in the numbers of Skeletonema. Skeletonema japonicum was noted for the first time to bloom. Skeletonema dohrnii formed summer blooms; S. japonicum bloomed in the autumn. No Skeletonema blooms were detected in the winter months.

Keywords: bloom; dynamics; morphology; Skeletonema
Corresponding author: Olga G. Shevchenko, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo St., 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; and Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Lugovaya St., 52B, Vladivostok 690087, Russia, E-mail:

Funding source: Russian Foundation for Basic Research

Award Identifier / Grant number: 19-04-00752

About the authors

Olga G. Shevchenko

Olga G. Shevchenko, PhD is a senior researcher at the Laboratory of Marine Microbiota, NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia, and an associate professor at the Department of Water Bioresources and Aquaculture, Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Vladivostok, Russia. Her scientific interests include marine phytoplankton, taxonomy, morphology and ecology. She specializes in taxonomy and ecology of bloom-forming diatoms, long term monitoring of abundance trends, systematics and taxonomy.

Anna A. Ponomareva

Anna A. Ponomareva, PhD is a researcher at the Laboratory of Deep-Sea Research, NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. Her scientific interests include marine phytoplankton, taxonomy, morphology and ecology. She specializes in taxonomy and ecology of bloom-forming diatoms, monitoring, culturing, electron microscopy and spectrometry.

Maria A. Shulgina

Maria A. Shulgina is a PhD student of aquatic biology at the NSCMB FEB RAS, a junior researcher at the Laboratory of Marine Mammals, NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia, as well as a senior specialist at the Primorsky Aquarium Shared Equipment Facility, Vladivostok, Russia. Her scientific interests include diatoms, cell morphology and systematics. She specializes in light microscopy, scanning light microscopy, isolation and culturing of unicellular algae, monitoring and identification of phytoplankton.

Kirill O. Tevs

Kirill O. Tevs is a PhD student of ecology at the Institute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia and a specialist at the Primorsky Aquarium Shared Equipment Facility, Vladivostok, Russia. His scientific interests include ecology, biology, taxonomy of unicellular algae. He specializes in mathematical statistics, database handling, transmission electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, taxonomy and ecology of marine phytoplankton.

Tatiana Yu. Orlova

Tatiana Yu. Orlova, PhD is a lead researcher and scientific head of the Laboratory of Marine Microbiota, NSCMB FEB RAS and scientific head of the Marine Biobank, NSCMB FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. Her scientific interests include marine planktonic and benthic microalgae, taxonomy, ecology, physiology, genetics and biochemistry. She specializes in monitoring harmful algae and biotoxins in the seas of the Russian Far East and investigating marine microbiomes and interactions between their members (microalgae and associated bacteria and fungi).

Acknowledgments

The authors extend their gratitude to two independent reviewers for their valuable feedback that resulted in a much-improved manuscript. The research was conducted at the Primorsky Aquarium Shared Equipment Facility of the A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (NSCMB FEB RAS). The authors are sincerely grateful to the staff of the Far Eastern Center for Electron Microscopy of the A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology FEB RAS for their assistance with electron microscopy.

  1. Author contributions: O.G. Shevchenko: study conception and design, field material treatment, electron microscopy, analysis and interpretation of study results, manuscript preparation. A.A. Ponomareva: field material treatment, culturing, electron microscopy, data classification, analysis and interpretation of study results, manuscript preparation. M.A. Shulgina: field material treatment, culturing. K. O. Tevs: transmission electron microscopy. T.Yu. Orlova: monitoring survey management, database creation. The authors are fully responsible for the contents of the manuscript.

  2. Research funding: This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant # 19-04-00752.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

  4. Compliance with ethical standards: All procedures followed were in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation.

References

Alvarez-Cobelas, M., Rojo, C., and Benavent-Corai, J. (2019). Long-term phytoplankton dynamics in a complex temporal realm. Sci. Rep. 9: 15967.10.1038/s41598-019-52333-zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Alverson, A.J. and Kolnick, L. (2005). Intragenomic nucleotide polymorphism among small subunit (18S) rDNA paralogs in the diatom genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta). J. Phycol. 41: 1248–1257.10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00136.xSearch in Google Scholar

Andersen, P. and Throndsen, O. (2003). Estimating cell numbers. In: Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., and Cembella, A.D. (Eds.), Manual on harmful marine microalgae. UNESCO Publishing, Paris, pp. 99–129.Search in Google Scholar

Andersen, R.A. (Ed.) (2005). Algal culturing techniques. Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK.Search in Google Scholar

Balzano, S., Sarno, D., and Kooistra, W.H.C.F. (2011). Effects of salinity on the growth rate and morphology of ten Skeletonema strains. J. Plankton Res. 33: 937–945.10.1093/plankt/fbq150Search in Google Scholar

Begun, A.A. (2006). The summer-autumn phytoplankton in the Golden Horn Bay (the Sea of Japan) under conditions of anthropogenic pollution. Algologia 16: 417–434.10.1615/InterJAlgae.v8.i3.50Search in Google Scholar

Bergesch, M., Garsia, M., and Odebrecht, C. (2009). Diversity and morphology of Skeletonema species in southern Brazil, southwestern Atlantic Ocean. J. Phycol. 45: 1348–1352.10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00743.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Borkman, D. and Smayda, T. (2009). Multidecadal (1959–1997) changes in Skeletonema abundance and seasonal bloom patterns in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. J. Sea Res. 61: 84–94.10.1016/j.seares.2008.10.004Search in Google Scholar

Braarud, T. (1962). Species distribution in marine phytoplankton. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn. 20: 628–649.Search in Google Scholar

Canesi, K.L. and Rynearson, T.A. (2016). Temporal variation of Skeletonema community composition from a long-term time series in Narragansett Bay identified using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 556: 1–16.10.3354/meps11843Search in Google Scholar

Chen, G.-F., Wanf, G.-C., Zhang, B.-Y., and Fan, X.-L. (2007). Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Skeletonema costatum–like diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from China Sea. Eur. J. Phycol. 42: 163–175.10.1080/09670260601149784Search in Google Scholar

Cheng, J., Li, Ya., Liang, J., Gao, Ya., Wang, P., Kin-Chung, H., and Lin, X. (2008). Morphological variability and genetic diversity in five species of Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta). Prog. Nat. Sci. 18: 1345–1355.10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.05.002Search in Google Scholar

Colijn, F. (1992). Changes in plankton communities: when, where, and why? ICES Mar. Sci. Symp. 195: 193–212.Search in Google Scholar

Daniel, R. (2016). Antibacterial activity of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum against selected human pathogens. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. 7: 233–236.Search in Google Scholar

Degerlund, M. and Eilertsen, H.C. (2010). Main species characteristics of phytoplankton spring blooms in NE Atlantic and Arctic waters (68–80°N). Estuar. Coast 33: 242–269.10.1007/s12237-009-9167-7Search in Google Scholar

Ellegaard, M., Godhe, A., Härnström, K., and McQuoid, M. (2008). The species concept in a marine diatom: LSU rDNAbased phylogenetic differentiation in Skeletonema marinoi/dohrnii (Bacillariophyceae) is not reflected in morphology. Phycologia 47: 156–167.10.2216/07-09.1Search in Google Scholar

Fedorov, V.D. (1979). Methods for studying phytoplankton and its activity. Izdatelstvo MGU, Moscow.Search in Google Scholar

Grigorieva, N.I. (2008). Geomorphological and hydrometeorological characteristics of the northern part of Amurskiy Bay (based on data for the years 1960–1980 and 2000–2005). In: Lutaenko, K.A. and Vaschenko, M.A. (Eds.), Ecological Studies and the State of the Ecosystem of Amursky Bay and the Estuarine Zone of the Razdolnaya River (Sea of Japan). Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 44–60.Search in Google Scholar

Gu, H., Zhang, X., Sun, J., and Luo, Z. (2012). Diversity and seasonal occurrence of Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta) species in Xiamen harbour and surrounding seas, China. Cryptogam. Algol. 33: 245–263.10.7872/crya.v33.iss3.2012.245Search in Google Scholar

Hasle, G.R. (1973). Morphology and taxonomy of Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae). Norweg. J. Bot. 20: 109–137.Search in Google Scholar

Hasle, G.R. and Fryxell, G.A. (1970). Diatoms: cleaning and mounting for light and electron microscopy. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 89: 469–474.10.2307/3224555Search in Google Scholar

Hernández-Becerril, D.U., Barón-Campis, S.A., Salazar-Paredes, J., and Alonso-Rodríguez, R. (2013). Species of the planktonic diatom genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyta) from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Cryptogam. Algol. 34: 77–87.10.7872/crya.v34.iss2.2013.77Search in Google Scholar

Hevia-Orube, J., Orive, E., David, H., Laza-Martinez, A., and Seoane, S. (2016). Skeletonema species in temperate estuary: a morphological, molecular and physiological approach. Diatom Res. 31: 1–13.10.1080/0269249X.2016.1228548Search in Google Scholar

Hobson, L.A. and McQuoid, M.R. (1997). Temporal variations among planktonic diatom assemblages in a turbulent environment of the southern Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 150: 263–274.10.3354/meps150263Search in Google Scholar

Jung, S.W., Yun, S.M., Lee, S.D., Kim, Y., and Lee, J.H. (2009). Morphological characteristics of four species in the genus Skeletonema in coastal waters of South Korea. ALGAE 24: 195–203.10.4490/ALGAE.2009.24.4.195Search in Google Scholar

Kaeriyama, H., Katsuki, E., Otsubo, M., Yamada, M., Ichimi, K., Tada, K., and Harrison, P.J. (2011). Effects of temperature and irradiance on growth of strains belonging to seven Skeletonema species isolated from Dokai Bay, southern Japan. Eur. J. Phycol. 46: 113–124.10.1080/09670262.2011.565128Search in Google Scholar

Kiselev, I.A. (1947). Phytoplankton of the Far Eastern seas as an indicator of some features of the hydrological regime. Tr. Gos. Okeanogr. Inst. 1: 189–212.Search in Google Scholar

Konovalova, G.V., Orlova, T. Iu., and Pautova, L.A. (1989). Atlas of phytoplankton the Sea of Japan. Nauka, Leningrad.Search in Google Scholar

Kooistra, W.H.C.F., Sarno, D., Balzano, S., Gu, H., Andersen, R.A., and Zingone, A. (2008). Global diversity and biogeography of Skeletonema species (Bacillariophyta). Protist 159: 177–193.10.1016/j.protis.2007.09.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Lauritano, C., Andersen, J.H., Hansen, E., Albrigtsen, M., Escalera, L., Esposito, F., Helland, K., Hanssen, K.Ø., Romano, G., and Ianora, A. (2016). Bioactivity screening of microalgae for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetes, and antibacterial activities. Front. Mar. Sci. 3: 68.10.3389/fmars.2016.00068Search in Google Scholar

Lauritano, C., Martin, J., De la Cruz, M., Reyes, F., Romano, G., and Ianora, A. (2018). First identification of marine diatoms with antituberculosis activity. Sci. Rep. 8: 2284.10.1038/s41598-018-20611-xSearch in Google Scholar

Mann, D.G. and Evans, K.M. (2007). Molecular genetics and the neglected art of diatomics. In: Brodie, J. and Lewis, J. (Eds.), Unravelling the algae: the past, present and future of algal systematics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 231–265.10.1201/9780849379901.ch13Search in Google Scholar

Medlin, L.K., Elwood, H.J., Shawn, S., and Sogin, M.L. (1991). Morphological and genetic variation within the diatom Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyta): evidence for a new species, Skeletonema pseudocostatum. J. Phycol. 27: 514–524.10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00514.xSearch in Google Scholar

Morozova, T.V. and Orlova, T.Yu. (2005). Monitoring of phytoplankton in the area of a sea farm in Vostok Bay (Sea of Japan). Russ. J. Mar. Biol. 31: 1–6.10.1007/s11179-005-0036-3Search in Google Scholar

Naik, R.K., Sarno, D., Kooistra, W.H.C.F., D’Costa, P.M., and Anil, A.C. (2010). Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae) in Indian waters: a reappraisal. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 39: 290–293.Search in Google Scholar

Naviner, M., Bergé, J.-P., Durand, P., and Le Bris, H. (1999). Antibacterial activity of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum against aquacultural pathogens. Aquaculture 174: 15–24.10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00513-4Search in Google Scholar

Ogura, A., Akizuki, Y., Imoda, H., Mineta, K., Gojobori, T., and Nagai, S. (2018). Comparative genome and transcriptome analysis of diatom, Skeletonema costatum, reveals evolution of genes for harmful algal bloom. BMC Genom. 19: 765.10.1186/s12864-018-5144-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Papry, R.I., Fujisawa, S., Yinghan, Z., Akhyar, O., Al Mamun, M.A., Mashio, A.S., and Hasegawa, H. (2020). Integrated effects of important environmental factors on arsenic biotransformation and photosynthetic efficiency by marine microalgae. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110797.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Pfannkuchen, D.M., Godrijan, J., Tanković, M.S., Baricevic, A., Kužat, N., Djakovac, T., Pustijanac, E., Jahn, R., and Pfannkuchen, M. (2018). The ecology of one cosmopolitan, one newly introduced and one occasionally advected species from the genus Skeletonema in a highly structured ecosystem, the Northern Adriatic. Microb. Ecol. 75: 1–14.10.1007/s00248-017-1069-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R., and Sims, P.A. (1979). An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. Beih.zur Nova Hedwigia 64: 513–533.Search in Google Scholar

Sarno, D., Kooistra, W.H.C.F., Medlin, L.K., Percopo, I., and Zingone, A. (2005). Diversity in the genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae): II. An assessment of the taxonomy of S. costatum-like species with the description of four new species. J. Phycol. 41: 151–176.10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04067.xSearch in Google Scholar

Semina, G.I. and Mikaelian, A.S. (1993). Phytoplankton of different size groups in the north-western part of the Pacific Ocean in the summer. Oceanology 33: 117–124.Search in Google Scholar

Shevchenko, O.G. and Aizdaicher, N.A. (2014). The morphology and development in laboratory culture of the diatoms Skeletonema grethae Zingone et Sarno, 2005 and S. japonicum Zingone et Sarno, 2005, which are new to the seas of Russia. Russ. J. Mar. Biol. 40: 266–272.10.1134/S1063074014040129Search in Google Scholar

Shevchenko, O.G. and Ponomareva, A.A. (2015). The morphology and ecology of the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi Sarno et Zingone, 2005 from the Sea of Japan. Russ. J. Mar. Biol. 41: 490–494.10.1134/S1063074015060127Search in Google Scholar

Shevchenko, O.G. and Ponomareva, A.A. (2016). Species of Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae) new to Russian marine waters in the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan. Bot. Zh. (Kiev) 101: 1082–1088.10.1134/S0006813616090076Search in Google Scholar

Shevchenko, O.G., Orlova, T. Yu., and Maslennikov, S.I. (2004). Seasonal dynamics of the diatoms of the genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg in Amursky Bay (Sea of Japan). Russ. J. Mar. Biol. 30: 11–19.10.1023/B:RUMB.0000020564.12182.b8Search in Google Scholar

Shevchenko, O.G., Ponomareva, A.A., Turanov, S.V., and Dutova, D.I. (2019). Morphological and genetic variability of Skeletonema dohrnii and Skeletonema japonicum (Bacillariophyta) from the northwestern Sea of Japan. Phycologia 58: 95–107.10.1080/00318884.2018.1517540Search in Google Scholar

Smayda, T.J. (1958). Biogeographical studies of marine phytoplankton. Oikos 9: 158–191.10.2307/3564763Search in Google Scholar

Sorokin, Iu.I. (1997). Primary production in the Sea of Okhotsk. Integrated studies of the Okhotsk Sea ecosystem. VNIRO, Moskow, pp. 103–110.Search in Google Scholar

Stonik, I.V. and Orlova, T.Yu. (1998). Summer-autumn phytoplankton in Amursky Bay, Sea of Japan. Biol. Morya 24: 205–211.Search in Google Scholar

Stonik, I.V. and Selina, M.S. (1995). Phytoplankton as an indicator of eutrophic levels of water in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Biol. Morya 21: 403–406.Search in Google Scholar

Truby, E.W. (1997). Preparation of single-celled marine dinoflagellates for electron microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 36: 337–340.10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970215)36:4<337::AID-JEMT11>3.0.CO;2-QSearch in Google Scholar

Widdicombe, C.E., Eloire, D., Harbour, D., Harris, R.P., and Somerfield, P.J. (2010). Long-term phytoplankton community dynamics in the Western English Channel. J. Plankton Res. 32: 643–655.10.1093/plankt/fbp127Search in Google Scholar

Yamada, M., Katsuki, E., Otsubo, M., Kawaguchi, M., Ichimi, K., Kaeriyama, H., Tada, K., and Harrison, P. (2010). Species diversity of the genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae) in the industrial harbor Dokai Bay. J. Oceanogr. 66: 755–771.10.1007/s10872-010-0062-4Search in Google Scholar

Yamada, M., Otsubo, M., Tsutsumi, Y., Mizota, C., Iida, N., Okamura, K., Kodama, M., and Umehara, A. (2013). Species diversity of the marine diatom genus Skeletonema in Japanese brackish water areas. Fish. Sci. 70: 923–934.10.1007/s12562-013-0671-0Search in Google Scholar

Yamada, M., Otsubo, M., Kodama, M., Yamamoto, K., Nishikawa, T., Ichimi, K., Tada, K., and Harrison, P.J. (2014). Species composition of Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae) in planktonic and resting–stage cells in Osaka and Tokyo Bays. Plankton Benthos Res. 9: 168–175.10.3800/pbr.9.168Search in Google Scholar

Yoshida, K., Chiba, S., and Ishimaru, T. (2011). Long-term variation in the wintertime diatom community structure in Tokyo Bay, Japan (1981–2000). Plankton Benthos Res. 6: 195–205.10.3800/pbr.6.195Search in Google Scholar

Yurasov, G.I. and Vilyanskaya, E.A. (2008). Characteristics of upwelling in Peter the Great Bay in fall−winter season. Current State and Trends in the Natural Environment of Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. GEOS, Moscow, pp. 73–82.Search in Google Scholar

Yurasov, G.I., Vanin, N.S., and Rudykh, N.I. (2007). Some features of hydrological regime of Peter the Great Bay in fall−winter period. Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr. 148: 211–220.Search in Google Scholar

Zingone, A., Percopo, I., Sims, P.A., and Sarno, D. (2005). Diversity in the genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae). I. A re-examination of the type material of Skeletonema costatum, with the description of S. grevillei sp. nov. J. Phycol. 41: 140–150.10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04066.xSearch in Google Scholar

Zingone, A., D’Alelio, D., Mazzocchi, M.G., Montresor, M., Sarno, D., and LTER-MC team. (2019). Time series and beyond: multifaceted plankton research at a marine Mediterranean LTER site. Nat. Conserv. 34: 273–310.10.3897/natureconservation.34.30789Search in Google Scholar

Zvyagintsev, A.Yu., Radashevsky, V.I., Ivin, V.V., Kashin, I.A., and Gorodkov, A.N. (2011). Nonindigenous species in the far Eastern seas of Russia. Russ. J. Biol. Invasions 2: 164–182.10.1134/S2075111711030210Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2021-12-22
Accepted: 2022-04-20
Published Online: 2022-05-18
Published in Print: 2022-06-27

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Obituary
  4. Robert Thayer Wilce, pioneer of Arctic marine botany (9 December 1924–26 February 2022)
  5. Taxonomy/Phylogeny and Biogeography
  6. Skeletonema species (Bacillariophyta) from the northwestern Sea of Japan: morphology, ecology, seasonal and long-term dynamics
  7. Three new species of Asteromenia (Hymenocladiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Australia
  8. Genomics
  9. Genetic diversity of Undaria pinnatifida populations from China and their genetic relationship with those from Japan and Korea as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
  10. Development and validation of microsatellite markers for Sargassum fusiforme based on transcriptomic data
  11. Chemistry and Applications
  12. Analysis of Peruvian seaweed exports during the period 1995–2020 using trade data
https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2021-0102
Keywords for this article
bloom; dynamics; morphology; Skeletonema

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. Obituary
  4. Robert Thayer Wilce, pioneer of Arctic marine botany (9 December 1924–26 February 2022)
  5. Taxonomy/Phylogeny and Biogeography
  6. Skeletonema species (Bacillariophyta) from the northwestern Sea of Japan: morphology, ecology, seasonal and long-term dynamics
  7. Three new species of Asteromenia (Hymenocladiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Australia
  8. Genomics
  9. Genetic diversity of Undaria pinnatifida populations from China and their genetic relationship with those from Japan and Korea as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
  10. Development and validation of microsatellite markers for Sargassum fusiforme based on transcriptomic data
  11. Chemistry and Applications
  12. Analysis of Peruvian seaweed exports during the period 1995–2020 using trade data
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 7.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/bot-2021-0102/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOooiLurPFLDw3Jhm1W0cPjmBGqVldsL_F1R5KxNnScPnXD9eld0i
Scroll to top button