Effects of environmental parameters on chytrid infection prevalence of four marine diatoms: a laboratory case study
-
Bettina Scholz
Bettina Scholz has been a postdoctoral researcher and project manager at BioPol ehf since 2012 and currently holds the position of an Adjunct Research Professor at the University of Akureyri, Iceland. Her research has focused on algae under varying aspects since 1996. In her thesis, conducted at the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany, she highlighted the physiological acclimatisation potential of microphytobenthic Wadden Sea diatoms to environmental conditions and their influence on community compositions. Her current research interests comprise the physiology, biochemistry and biodiversity of planktonic and microphytobenthic microalgae (in
sensu stricto : Bacillariophyceae or diatoms) in sub-Arctic and Arctic marine environments, especially in the context of defense and stress.
,
Wim Vyverman
Wim Vyverman has headed the Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University since 1996 and is director of the BCCM/DCG culture collection (
http://bccm.belspo.be/about-us/bccm-dcg ). His research focuses on the biology, biodiversity, ecology and evolution of eukaryote microbes, in particular diatoms. He has worked extensively on tropical and high-latitude lakes as well as in temperate coastal ecosystems. In recent years, he has been using omic approaches to understand the nature of interactions between micro-organisms and their ecological and evolutionary importance in natural environments and algae production systems.Frithjof C. Küpper has held the Chair in Marine Biodiversity at the University of Aberdeen (Oceanlab) since 2011. Over the past 26 years, he has studied the biodiversity and biochemistry of marine plants/algae – especially abiotic and biotic stress including algal pathologies. He conducted graduate studies at Roscoff and Konstanz for a joint French-German PhD. His research resulted in the finding of iodide serving as an inorganic antioxidant in kelp, the first described from a living system, impacting atmospheric and marine chemistry. As a certified scientific diver, Frithjof has worked extensively in the South Atlantic (Ascension and Falkland Islands), as well as in the Antarctic Peninsula and the Canadian Arctic for algal diversity-related projects.
Halldór G. Ólafsson has been the Managing Director at BioPol ehf since 2007. He has a degree in Fisheries and worked as a manager in both the Icelandic and Norwegian fish industry. He has participated actively in various marine research projects conducted at BioPol ehf in recent years.
Ulf Karsten has held the Chair in Applied Ecology at the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany since 2000. His research expertise comprises the ecology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of marine and terrestrial algae and cyanobacteria.
Abstract
The influence of environmental factors on the infection susceptibility of four different marine diatom host species to chytrid infection was tested under laboratory conditions, using host and parasite isolates obtained from diverse coastal areas in north-west Iceland in 2015. Specifically, a total of 120 monoclonal marine diatom host cultures of Navicula, Nitzschia, Rhizosolenia and Chaetoceros were exposed to their chytrid parasites Chytridium type I and Rhizophydium type I and II in Hellendahl glass staining jars which were subdivided in two compartments by nylon filters (mesh size 5 μm). Infection densities were assessed at different temperatures (5, 15, 20°C), salinities (0, 5, 10, 20, 40), photon fluence rates (PFR; 10, 50, 100, 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and photoperiods (24 h dark, 8:16 h, 16:8 h light:dark and 24 h light) after 168 h exposure, using the one-factor-at-a-time method. In addition, growth rates and proline concentrations of the non-infected monoclonal host cultures were determined. In most cases, decreasing growth rates during the acclimatisation process to abiotic stressors were directly related to increases of proline in the host cells. Significant positive associations of infection densities to cell based proline concentrations were predominantly observed in the high-PFR assays and 24-h daylight treatments. At least for half of the tested host-parasite pairs, positive correlations of proline and parasite prevalence were found. In addition, chytrid abundance was also positively correlated with host densities of Navicula sp., Rhizosolenia sp. and Chaetoceros sp. Only in Nitzschia sp., was parasite density negatively associated with proline and showed no significant relationship to host densities, suggesting that other physiological/biochemical factors related to stress might have an impact on the susceptibility of this peculiar host diatom species.
About the authors
Bettina Scholz has been a postdoctoral researcher and project manager at BioPol ehf since 2012 and currently holds the position of an Adjunct Research Professor at the University of Akureyri, Iceland. Her research has focused on algae under varying aspects since 1996. In her thesis, conducted at the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany, she highlighted the physiological acclimatisation potential of microphytobenthic Wadden Sea diatoms to environmental conditions and their influence on community compositions. Her current research interests comprise the physiology, biochemistry and biodiversity of planktonic and microphytobenthic microalgae (in sensu stricto: Bacillariophyceae or diatoms) in sub-Arctic and Arctic marine environments, especially in the context of defense and stress.
Wim Vyverman has headed the Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University since 1996 and is director of the BCCM/DCG culture collection (http://bccm.belspo.be/about-us/bccm-dcg). His research focuses on the biology, biodiversity, ecology and evolution of eukaryote microbes, in particular diatoms. He has worked extensively on tropical and high-latitude lakes as well as in temperate coastal ecosystems. In recent years, he has been using omic approaches to understand the nature of interactions between micro-organisms and their ecological and evolutionary importance in natural environments and algae production systems.
Frithjof C. Küpper has held the Chair in Marine Biodiversity at the University of Aberdeen (Oceanlab) since 2011. Over the past 26 years, he has studied the biodiversity and biochemistry of marine plants/algae – especially abiotic and biotic stress including algal pathologies. He conducted graduate studies at Roscoff and Konstanz for a joint French-German PhD. His research resulted in the finding of iodide serving as an inorganic antioxidant in kelp, the first described from a living system, impacting atmospheric and marine chemistry. As a certified scientific diver, Frithjof has worked extensively in the South Atlantic (Ascension and Falkland Islands), as well as in the Antarctic Peninsula and the Canadian Arctic for algal diversity-related projects.
Halldór G. Ólafsson has been the Managing Director at BioPol ehf since 2007. He has a degree in Fisheries and worked as a manager in both the Icelandic and Norwegian fish industry. He has participated actively in various marine research projects conducted at BioPol ehf in recent years.
Ulf Karsten has held the Chair in Applied Ecology at the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany since 2000. His research expertise comprises the ecology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of marine and terrestrial algae and cyanobacteria.
Acknowledgements
The Icelandic Research Fund (grant reference 141423-051) is gratefully acknowledged for its support to BS.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Editorial
- Recent advances in marine mycology
- Applied marine mycology
- Isolation, fatty acid profiles and cryopreservation of marine thraustochytrids from mangrove habitats in Thailand
- Proteomic analysis of the marine-derived fungus Paecilomyces sp. strain SF-8 in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Evaluating the effect of medium composition and fermentation conditions on microbial oil production by a Fusarium strain isolated from the open ocean
- Marine fungal diseases and control
- Possible impacts of zoosporic parasites in diseases of commercially important marine mollusc species: part I. Perkinsozoa
- Possible impacts of zoosporic parasites in diseases of commercially important marine mollusc species: part II. Labyrinthulomycota
- Effects of environmental parameters on chytrid infection prevalence of four marine diatoms: a laboratory case study
- Ecology and phylogeny
- Arctic marine fungi: from filaments and flagella to operational taxonomic units and beyond
- The Halosphaeriaceae revisited
- New saprobic marine fungi and a new combination
- Phylogenetic community structure of fungal endophytes in seagrass species
- Distribution and occurrence of manglicolous marine fungi from eastern and southern Thailand
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Editorial
- Recent advances in marine mycology
- Applied marine mycology
- Isolation, fatty acid profiles and cryopreservation of marine thraustochytrids from mangrove habitats in Thailand
- Proteomic analysis of the marine-derived fungus Paecilomyces sp. strain SF-8 in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Evaluating the effect of medium composition and fermentation conditions on microbial oil production by a Fusarium strain isolated from the open ocean
- Marine fungal diseases and control
- Possible impacts of zoosporic parasites in diseases of commercially important marine mollusc species: part I. Perkinsozoa
- Possible impacts of zoosporic parasites in diseases of commercially important marine mollusc species: part II. Labyrinthulomycota
- Effects of environmental parameters on chytrid infection prevalence of four marine diatoms: a laboratory case study
- Ecology and phylogeny
- Arctic marine fungi: from filaments and flagella to operational taxonomic units and beyond
- The Halosphaeriaceae revisited
- New saprobic marine fungi and a new combination
- Phylogenetic community structure of fungal endophytes in seagrass species
- Distribution and occurrence of manglicolous marine fungi from eastern and southern Thailand
