The role of cathepsin E in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes
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Tomoyo Kawakubo
Abstract
Cathepsin E (CatE) is predominantly expressed in the rapidly regenerating gastric mucosal cells and epidermal keratinocytes, in addition to the immune system cells. However, the role of CatE in these cells remains unclear. Here we report a crucial role of CatE in keratinocyte terminal differentiation. CatE deficiency in mice induces abnormal keratinocyte differentiation in the epidermis and hair follicle, characterized by the significant expansion of corium and the reduction of subcutaneous tissue and hair follicle. In a model of skin papillomas formed in three different genotypes of syngeneic mice, CatE deficiency results in significantly reduced expression and altered localization of the keratinocyte differentiation induced proteins, keratin 1 and loricrin. Involvement of CatE in the regulation of the expression of epidermal differentiation specific proteins was corroborated by in vitro studies with primary cultures of keratinocytes from the three different genotypes of mice. In wild-type keratinocytes after differentiation inducing stimuli, the CatE expression profile was compatible to those of the terminal differentiation marker genes tested. Overexpression of CatE in mice enhances the keratinocyte terminal differentiation process, whereas CatE deficiency results in delayed differentiation accompanying the reduced expression or the ectopic localization of the differentiation markers. Our findings suggest that in keratinocytes CatE is functionally linked to the expression of terminal differentiation markers, thereby regulating epidermis formation and homeostasis.
©2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
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Articles in the same Issue
- Publisher’s Note
- Publisher’s Note
- GENES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
- Intermolecular interaction between a branching ribozyme and associated homing endonuclease mRNA
- Type V collagen-induced upregulation of capn2 (large subunit of m-calpain) gene expression and DNA fragmentation in 8701-BC breast cancer cells
- PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- High catalytic efficiency and resistance to denaturing in bacterial Rho GTPase-activating proteins
- MEMBRANES, LIPIDS, GLYCOBIOLOGY
- Cloning and functional analysis of the dpm2 and dpm3 genes from Trichoderma reesei expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae dpm1Δ mutant strain
- MOLECULAR MEDICINE
- Increased expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in kidney glomeruli of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
- CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING
- Investigating the effects of physiological bile acids on GLP-1 secretion and glucose tolerance in normal and GLP-1R-/- mice
- PROTEOLYSIS
- Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and expression in rat central nervous system after sleep deprivation
- Cathepsins S, B and L with aminopeptidases display β-secretase activity associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
- The role of cathepsin E in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes
- Poliovirus 3C proteinase inhibition by organotelluranes
