Selective inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by targeting a substrate-specific secondary binding site
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Kerstin Kühn-Wache
and
Hans-Ulrich Demuth
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4/CD26 (DP4) is a multifunctional serine protease liberating dipeptide from the N-terminus of (oligo)peptides which can modulate the activity of these peptides. The enzyme is involved in physiological processes such as blood glucose homeostasis and immune response. DP4 substrate specificity is characterized in detail using synthetic dipeptide derivatives. The specificity constant kcat/Km strongly depends on the amino acid in P1-position for proline, alanine, glycine and serine with 5.0×105 m-1s-1, 1.8×104 m-1s-1, 3.6×102 m-1s-1, 1.1×102 m-1s-1, respectively. By contrast, kinetic investigation of larger peptide substrates yields a different pattern. The specific activity of DP4 for neuropeptide Y (NPY) cleavage comprising a proline in P1-position is the same range as the kcat/Km values of NPY derivatives containing alanine or serine in P1-position with 4×105 m-1s-1, 9.5×105 m-1s-1 and 2.1×105 m-1s-1, respectively. The proposed existence of an additional binding region outside the catalytic center is supported by measurements of peptide substrates with extended chain length. This ‘secondary’ binding site interaction depends on the amino acid sequence in P4′–P8′-position. Interactions with this binding site could be specifically blocked for substrates of the GRF/glucagon peptide family. By contrast, substrates not belonging to this peptide family and dipeptide derivative substrates that only bind to the catalytic center of DP4 were not inhibited. This more selective inhibition approach allows, for the first time, to distinguish between substrate families by substrate-discriminating inhibitors.
©2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- Guest Editorial
- Highlight: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and related proteins
- HIGHLIGHT: DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE 4 AND RELATED PROTEINS
- Novel aspects of cellular action of dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26
- Outside or inside: role of the subcellular localization of DP4-like enzymes for substrate conversion and inhibitor effects
- Expression and spatial heterogeneity of dipeptidyl peptidases in endothelial cells of conduct vessels and capillaries
- Expression and role of the cell surface protease seprase/fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) in astroglial tumors
- DPP-4 inhibition increases GIP and decreases GLP-1 incretin effects during intravenous glucose tolerance test in Wistar rats
- Substance P-induced skin inflammation is not modulated by a single dose of sitagliptin in human volunteers
- Selective inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by targeting a substrate-specific secondary binding site
- PETIR-001, a dual inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) and aminopeptidase N (APN), ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice
- CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING
- Identification and characterisation of novel Mss4-binding Rab GTPases
- Identification of lily pollen 14-3-3 isoforms and their subcellular and time-dependent expression profile
- PROTEOLYSIS
- Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidative inactivation of human kininogens: the impairment of kinin-precursor and prekallikrein-binding functions
Articles in the same Issue
- Guest Editorial
- Highlight: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and related proteins
- HIGHLIGHT: DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE 4 AND RELATED PROTEINS
- Novel aspects of cellular action of dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26
- Outside or inside: role of the subcellular localization of DP4-like enzymes for substrate conversion and inhibitor effects
- Expression and spatial heterogeneity of dipeptidyl peptidases in endothelial cells of conduct vessels and capillaries
- Expression and role of the cell surface protease seprase/fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) in astroglial tumors
- DPP-4 inhibition increases GIP and decreases GLP-1 incretin effects during intravenous glucose tolerance test in Wistar rats
- Substance P-induced skin inflammation is not modulated by a single dose of sitagliptin in human volunteers
- Selective inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by targeting a substrate-specific secondary binding site
- PETIR-001, a dual inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) and aminopeptidase N (APN), ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice
- CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING
- Identification and characterisation of novel Mss4-binding Rab GTPases
- Identification of lily pollen 14-3-3 isoforms and their subcellular and time-dependent expression profile
- PROTEOLYSIS
- Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidative inactivation of human kininogens: the impairment of kinin-precursor and prekallikrein-binding functions
