Economic power control for offshore wind farms with loop connection cables
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Janine Scholz
Janine Scholz holds a Master Degree in Electrical Engineering from the Hamburg University of Technology, Germany, with a specialization in Control and Energy Technology. Following a position as Electrical Engineer in Operations and Maintenance for offshore wind farms at Northland Power Europe GmbH, she is currently working in offshore grid connection development at Amprion GmbH, Hamburg.
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Eduard Wiebe
Eduard Wiebe holds a Diploma Degree in Electrical Engineering and a Master of Business Administration (MBA). From 2009–2018 he worked as Lead Grid Engineer and Grid Connection Manager for RWE Innogy offshore wind farm projects. Following a position as Senior Expert Electrical System and Head of Electrical Engineering Department at Northland Power Europe GmbH in Hamburg from 2018–2020, he is now working as an Expert for HVDC systems and power system studies at Amprion GmbH in Hamburg.
Volker Scheffer received the M.Sc. degree in Industrial Engineering with focus on electrical grids from Technical University of Dortmund, Germany in 2015. Afterwards he worked as research assistant at the Institute of Electrical Power and Energy Technology at Hamburg University of Technology. In 2019 he concluded his Phd thesis with focus on providing control reserve with renewable energies and is currently working at Amprion GmbH, Hamburg, planning offshore grid connections.
Christian Becker is full professor and head of the Institute of Electrical Power and Energy Technology at Hamburg University of Technology, Germany, since 2015. He received his Dipl.-Ing. degree in 1996 and his Dr.-Ing. degree in 2001 at TU Dortmund University. From 2002 to 2015 he worked in the R&D division of Airbus. His research activities and professional experiences are focused on power system stability and control engineering for terrestrial as well as on-board electrical power systems with dedicated focus on grid integration of power electronics equipment and FACTS.
Abstract
The Canadian developer and owner of green power facilities Northland Power Inc. owns two offshore wind farms (OWFs) in the German Bight, Deutsche Bucht and Nordsee One, operated by the subsidiary Northland Power Europe GmbH. The company supports and conducts research in the field of power flow optimization in wind farm networks. The work at hand represents the results of this effort to maximize the efficiency of the assets. The project was accomplished within a cooperation between the Nordsee One GmbH and the Institute of Electrical Power and Energy Technology at the Hamburg University of Technology.
From an external point of view, an OWF represents an “en bloc” power plant connected to the onshore transmission grid via power export cables. Nevertheless, such a power plant comprises a complex, large-scale internal medium voltage network. In case of failure or cable outage, the network topology of an OWF may be modified and unintended overloading of inter-array cables (IACs) is possible. In order to address this issue, a new algorithm and software tool for economic power control in OWFs are introduced in the following which can be employed in wind farms with integrated loop connection cables (LCCs). This configuration particularly entails the risk of overloading cable segments depending on the present wind speed. The new algorithm provides the operator with adapted active power setpoints for each wind turbine generator (WTG) in a given network topology. The aim is to maximize OWF power generation and minimize internal power losses while secure network operation is guaranteed. Using load flow analysis based on WTG power output measurements, the load on each cable section is monitored and the cables can be utilized to their individual full capacity while overload is avoided. The practicability of the approach is demonstrated by means of simulation results.
Zusammenfassung
Als Projektentwickler und Eigentümer von Einrichtungen zur regenerativen Stromerzeugung besitzt die kanadische Northland Power Inc. zwei Offshore-Windparks in der Deutschen Bucht. Diese Windparks – „Nordsee One“ und „Deutsche Bucht“ – werden von der Tochtergesellschaft Northland Power Europe GmbH betrieben. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist Ergebnis der Bestrebungen von Northland Power, durch Forschung im Bereich der Leistungsflussoptimierung in Windparknetzen die Effizienz der Anlagen zu maximieren. Das Projekt wurde durch eine Kooperation zwischen der Nordsee One GmbH und dem Institut für Elektrische Energietechnik der Technischen Universität Hamburg realisiert.
Ein Offshore-Windpark kann als Kraftwerk aufgefasst werden, das durch ein oder mehrere Exportkabel mit dem landseitigen elektrischen Energienetz verbunden ist. Dieses Kraftwerk umfasst jedoch ein komplexes, weiträumig verteiltes internes Mittelspannungskabelnetz. Im Falle eines Kabelausfalls in diesem Netz kann sich die Topologie des Offshore-Windparks so verändern, dass es, in Abhängigkeit von der vorherrschenden Windgeschwindigkeit, zu einer Überlastung von Teilen der Innerparkverkabelung kommt. Um diesem Problem zu begegnen, werden im Folgenden ein neuer Algorithmus und dessen Realisierung in einer Software zur Betriebsführung vorgestellt, die in Windparks mit Ringnetz angewendet werden kann, um eine wirtschaftliche Leistungsregulierung zu erreichen. Der neue Algorithmus stellt dem Anwender angepasste Sollwerte für jede Windenergieanlage zur Verfügung. Ziel ist es, den Energieexport des Windparks zu maximieren und interne Verluste zu minimieren, während gleichzeitig ein sicherer Betrieb garantiert wird. Mit Hilfe von Lastflussanalysen wird die Belastung aller Kabelsegmente erfasst, so dass die jeweilige Kapazitätsgrenze zwar nicht überschritten, die Stromtragfähigkeit der Kabel aber möglichst voll ausgeschöpft wird. Die Realisierbarkeit des Ansatzes wird durch Simulationsergebnisse belegt.
About the authors
Janine Scholz holds a Master Degree in Electrical Engineering from the Hamburg University of Technology, Germany, with a specialization in Control and Energy Technology. Following a position as Electrical Engineer in Operations and Maintenance for offshore wind farms at Northland Power Europe GmbH, she is currently working in offshore grid connection development at Amprion GmbH, Hamburg.
Eduard Wiebe holds a Diploma Degree in Electrical Engineering and a Master of Business Administration (MBA). From 2009–2018 he worked as Lead Grid Engineer and Grid Connection Manager for RWE Innogy offshore wind farm projects. Following a position as Senior Expert Electrical System and Head of Electrical Engineering Department at Northland Power Europe GmbH in Hamburg from 2018–2020, he is now working as an Expert for HVDC systems and power system studies at Amprion GmbH in Hamburg.
Volker Scheffer received the M.Sc. degree in Industrial Engineering with focus on electrical grids from Technical University of Dortmund, Germany in 2015. Afterwards he worked as research assistant at the Institute of Electrical Power and Energy Technology at Hamburg University of Technology. In 2019 he concluded his Phd thesis with focus on providing control reserve with renewable energies and is currently working at Amprion GmbH, Hamburg, planning offshore grid connections.
Christian Becker is full professor and head of the Institute of Electrical Power and Energy Technology at Hamburg University of Technology, Germany, since 2015. He received his Dipl.-Ing. degree in 1996 and his Dr.-Ing. degree in 2001 at TU Dortmund University. From 2002 to 2015 he worked in the R&D division of Airbus. His research activities and professional experiences are focused on power system stability and control engineering for terrestrial as well as on-board electrical power systems with dedicated focus on grid integration of power electronics equipment and FACTS.
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© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Digitalisierung der Energieversorgung
- Übersicht
- Durchgängiges Anforderungsmanagement und Engineering für Smart Grid Lösungen
- IT-Sicherheit in digitalen Stationen: Cyber-physische Systemmodellierung, -bewertung und -analyse
- Methoden
- Verbesserung der Netzverlustprognose für Energieübertragungsnetze
- Anwendungen
- Embedded Digital Twins in future energy management systems: paving the way for automated grid control
- Economic power control for offshore wind farms with loop connection cables
- Bereit für die Digitalisierung der Energiewende: Praxistests zur Anbindung intelligenter Messsysteme bei der 50Hertz
- Advantages of digitalization in grid restoration
- Tools
- Identifikation von HGÜ-Flüssen mit Hilfe der Power Flow Decomposition
- Dissertationen
- Neue Methodik zur Optimierung von Druckverfahren für die Herstellung funktionaler Mikrostrukturen und hybrider elektronischer Schaltungen
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Digitalisierung der Energieversorgung
- Übersicht
- Durchgängiges Anforderungsmanagement und Engineering für Smart Grid Lösungen
- IT-Sicherheit in digitalen Stationen: Cyber-physische Systemmodellierung, -bewertung und -analyse
- Methoden
- Verbesserung der Netzverlustprognose für Energieübertragungsnetze
- Anwendungen
- Embedded Digital Twins in future energy management systems: paving the way for automated grid control
- Economic power control for offshore wind farms with loop connection cables
- Bereit für die Digitalisierung der Energiewende: Praxistests zur Anbindung intelligenter Messsysteme bei der 50Hertz
- Advantages of digitalization in grid restoration
- Tools
- Identifikation von HGÜ-Flüssen mit Hilfe der Power Flow Decomposition
- Dissertationen
- Neue Methodik zur Optimierung von Druckverfahren für die Herstellung funktionaler Mikrostrukturen und hybrider elektronischer Schaltungen
