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Ethics-related practices in Internet-based applied linguistics research

  • Jian Tao , Qing Shao and Xuesong Gao EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 12, 2016

Abstract

Drawing on an analytic framework developed from ethical research guidelines and the relevant literature, this study analyzes and discusses the ways ethical issues were addressed by authors of 72 relevant journal articles on online self-representation in the field of applied linguistics. The results illustrate how researchers undertook efforts to fulfill ethical responsibilities in Internet-based research. They show how researchers’ self-narrated concerns and contextual conditions have mediated ethics-related research practices as reported in these studies. The results indicate the need for researchers to enhance critical awareness and assessment of potential ethical issues when conducting Internet-based research. Such critical awareness is essential for researchers to initiate and sustain an ongoing dialogue concerning ethics-related research practices in Internet-based applied linguistics research.

Funding statement: Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (Grant / Award Number: ‘GRF/HKU17402414H’).

Appendix: Studies included

No.TitleAuthor(s)YearJournal
1‘The voices, the voices’: Creativity in online conversationNorth, S.2007Applied Linguistics 27/4: 538-555.
2Redefining vernacular literacies in the age of Web 2.0Barton, D., and Lee, C. K.2012Applied linguistics 33/3: 282-298.
3Ironic blackness as masculine cool: Asian American language and authenticity on YouTubeChun, E. W.2013Applied linguistics 34/5: 592-612.
4Moral logic and logical morality: Attributions of responsibility and blame in online discourse on veganismSneijder, P., and Te Molder, H. F.2005Discourse & Society 16/5: 675-696.
5Scraping the barrel with a shower of social misfits: Everyday creativity in text messagingTagg, C.2013Applied linguistics 34/4: 480-500.
6Staging gender online: Gender plays in Swiss internet relay chatsRellstab, D. H.2007Discourse & Society 18/6: 765-787
7Racism and xenophobia in immigrants’ discourse: The case of Argentines in Spaindel-Teso-Craviotto, M.2009Discourse & Society 20/5: 571-592.
8Talking the talk: policy, popular and media responses to the bicentenary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade using the Abolition DiscourseWaterton, E., and Wilson, R.2009Discourse & Society 20/3: 381-399.
9Disembodiment and cyberspace: Gendered discourses in female teenagers’ personal information disclosureGómez, A. G.2010Discourse & Society 21/2: 135-160.
10Using automated semantic tagging in Critical Discourse Analysis: A case study on Scottish independence from a Scottish nationalist perspectivePrentice, S.2010Discourse & Society 21/4: 405-437.
11‘Bring back Hitler’s gas chambers’: Asylum seeking, Nazis and Facebook–a discursive analysisBurke, S. and Goodman, S.2012Discourse & Society 23/1: 19-33.
12Social media networks and the discourse of resistance: A sociolinguistic CDA of Biafra online discoursesChiluwa, I.2012Discourse & Society 23/3: 217-244.
13Pro-anorexia: Extensions of ingrained conceptsKnapton, O.2013Discourse and Society 24/4: 461-477.
14Are ‘queers’ really ‘queer’? Language, identity and same-sex desire in a South African online communityMilani, T. M.2013Discourse & Society 24/5: 615-633.
15‘They became big in the shadow of the crisis’ The Greek success story and the rise of the far rightAngouri, J., and Wodak, R.2014Discourse & Society 25/4: 540-565.
16Small stories transposition and social media: A micro-perspective on the ‘Greek crisis’Georgakopoulou, A.2014Discourse & Society 25/4: 519-539.
17‘Maybe it is prejudice … but it is NOT racism’: Negotiating racism in discussion forums about GypsiesGoodman, S., and Rowe, L.2013Discourse & Society 25/1: 32-46.
18‘200 years of white affirmative action’: White privilege discourse in discussions of racial inequalityHastie, B. and Rimmington, D.2014Discourse and Society 25/2: 186-204.
19Stancetaking and the Hong Kong Girl in a shifting heterosexual marketplaceKang, M. A., and Chen, K. H.2014Discourse & Society 25/2: 205-220.
20Guiding metaphors of nationalism: the Cyprus issue and the construction of Turkish national identity in online discussionsBaruh, L., and Popescu, M.2008Discourse & Communication 2/1: 79-96.
21Coherence in political computer-mediated communication: analyzing topic relevance and drift in chatStromer-Galley, J. and Martinson, A. M.2009Discourse and Communication 3/2: 195-216.
22Communicating with voters by blogs? Campaigning for the 2009 European Parliament electionsVesnic-Alujevic, L.2011Discourse & Communication 5/4: 413-428.
23The linguistics of self-branding and micro-celebrity in Twitter: The role of hashtagsPage, R.2012Discourse & Communication 6/2: 181-201.
24Diablogging about asylum seekers: Building a counter-hegemonic discourseFozdar, F., and Pedersen, A.2013Discourse & Communication 7/4: 371-388.
25‘You know how tough I am?’ Discourse analysis of US Midwestern congresswomen’s self-presentationLee, J.2013Discourse & Communication 7/3: 299-317.
26Moral argumentation as a rhetorical practice in popular online discourse: Examples from online comment sections of celebrity gossipEronen, M.2013Discourse & Communication 8/3: 278-298.
27Enacting identity in microblogging through ambient affiliationZappavigna, M.2013Discourse & Communication 8/2: 209-228
28Conversational floors in synchronous text-based CMC discourseSimpson, J.2005Discourse Studies 27/3: 337-361.
29Telling about problems and giving advice in an Internet discussion forum: some discourse featuresMorrow, P. R.2006Discourse studies 8/4: 531-548.
30Gender and sexual identity authentication in language use: The case of chat roomsdel-Teso-Craviotto, M.2008Discourse Studies 10/2: 251-270.
31An implicature forum: signaling relative expertiseLange, P. G.2008Discourse Studies 10/2: 191-204.
32The online support group as a community: A micro-analysis of the interaction with a new memberStommel, W. and Koole, T.2010Discourse Studies 12/3: 357-378.
33Questions and explanations in French and Anglo-American Usenet newsgroupsvon Münchow, P., and Rakotonoelina, F.2010Discourse Studies 12/3: 311-329.
34Problem presentation and responses on an online forum for young people who self-harmSmithson, J., Sharkey, S., Hewis, E., Jones, R., Emmens, T., Ford, T. and Owens, C.2011Discourse Studies 13/4: 487-501.
35‘You look terrific!’ Social evaluation and relationships in online complimentsMaíz-Arévalo, C. and García-Gómez, A.2013Discourse Studies 15/6: 735-760.
36‘Multi-voicedness’ in internet guest-books of German and Italian teenagersFetscher, D.2009Language and Intercultural Communication 9/1: 33-42.
37Contesting Animal Rights on the Internet Discourse Analysis of the Social Construction of ArgumentSwan, D., and McCarthy, J. C.2003Journal of Language and Social Psychology 22/3: 297-320.
38See you online. Gender issues in college student use of instant messagingBaron, N. S.2004Journal of Language and Social Psychology 23/4: 397-423.
39Assessing gender authenticity in computer-mediated language use evidence from an identity gameHerring, S. C., and Martinson, A.2004Journal of Language and Social Psychology 23(4): 424-446.
40Emotional expression online emoticons punctuate website text messagesProvine, R. R., Spencer, R. J., and Mandell, D. L.2007Journal of Language and Social Psychology 26(3): 299-307.
41Emotional commitment in public political internet message boardsKleinke, S.2008Journal of Language and Social Psychology 27(4): 409-421.
42Weighing in on the coaching decision: Discussing sports and race onlineSanderson, J.2010Journal of Language and Social Psychology 29/3: 301-320.
43The communication of advice on an online message board for language assistants in FranceRuble, R. A.2011Journal of Language and Social Psychology 30/4: 396-420
44‘Cantonese is not a dialect’: Chinese netizens’ defence of Cantonese as a regional lingua francaGao, X.2012Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 33/5: 449-464.
45Complaints online: The case of TripAdvisorVásquez, C.2011Journal of Pragmatics 43/6: 1707-1717.
46‘SlutWalk’ on connected screens: Multiple framings of a social media discussionZhang, W., and Kramarae, C.2014Journal of Pragmatics 73: 66-81.
47On-line polylogues: conversation structure and participation framework in internet newsgroupsMarcoccia, M.2004Journal of pragmatics 36/1: 115-145.
48Arguing in English and French asynchronous online discussionLewis, D. M.2005Journal of pragmatics 37/11: 1801-1818.
49Second-person pronoun use and address strategies in on-line personal ads from Quebecvan Compernolle, R. A2008Journal of Pragmatics 40/12: 2062-2076.
50Concessive Repair and negotiation of affiliation in e-mail discourseTanskanen, S. K., and Karhukorpi, J.2008Journal of Pragmatics 40/9: 1587-1600.Z
51On-line polylogues and impoliteness: The case of postings sent in response to the Obama Reggaeton YouTube videoLorenzo-Dus, N., Blitvich, P. G. C., and Bou-Franch, P.2011Journal of Pragmatics 43/10: 2578-2593.
52(Im) politeness and disagreement in two Hong Kong Internet discussion forumsShum, W., and Lee, C.2013Journal of Pragmatics 50/1: 52-83.
53Just click ‘Like’: Computer-mediated responses to Spanish complimentsMaíz-Arévalo, C.2013Journal of Pragmatics 51: 47-67.
54(New) participatory framework on YouTube? Commenter interaction in US political speechesBoyd, M. S.2014Journal of Pragmatics 72: 46-58.
55Conflict management in massive polylogues: A case study from YouTubeBou-Franch, P., and Blitvich, P. G. C.2014Journal of Pragmatics 73, 19-36.
56Commenting on YouTube rants: Perceptions of inappropriateness or civic engagement?Lange, P. G.2014Journal of Pragmatics 73: 53-65.
57Playful language alternation in an online discussion forum: The example of digital code playsJaworska, S.2014Journal of Pragmatics 71: 56-68.
58Language variation on Internet Relay Chat: A social network approachPaolillo, J. C.2001Journal of sociolinguistics 5/2: 180-213.
59Gender and genre variation in weblogsHerring, S. C., and Paolillo, J. C.2006Journal of Sociolinguistics 10/4: 439-459
60Code choice and code-switching in Swiss-German Internet Relay Chat roomsSiebenhaar, B.2006Journal of Sociolinguistics 10(4): 481-506.
61Multilingualism, diaspora, and the Internet: Codes and identities on German-based diaspora websitesAndroutsopoulos, J.2006Journal of Sociolinguistics 10(4): 520-547.
62Beyond social networking: Performing global Englishes in Facebook by college youth in NepalSharma, B. K.2012Journal of Sociolinguistics 16/4: 483-509.
63Language choice and addressivity strategies in Thai‐English social network interactionsSeargeant, P., Tagg, C., and Ngampramuan, W.2012Journal of Sociolinguistics 16/4: 510-531.
64The Maghreb-Mashreq language ideology and the politics of identity in a globalized Arab worldHachimi, A.2013Journal of Sociolinguistics 17/3: 269-296.
65Negotiation of face in web chatsGolato, A., and Taleghani-Nikazm, C.2006Multilingua 25/3: 293–321.
66What has happened to Arabs? Identity and face management onlineAl Zidjaly, N.2012Multilingua 31/4: 413-439.
67Aggression and perceived national face threats in Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese CMC discussion boardsKádár, D. Z., Haugh, M., and Chang, W. L. M.2013Multilingua 32/3: 343-372.
68A tale of Blue Rain Café: A study on the online narrative construction about a community of English learners on the Chinese mainlandGao, X.2007System 35/2: 259-270.
69“Christians” and “bad Christians”: categorization in atheist user talk on YouTubePihlaja, S.2014Text &Talk 34/5, 623-639.
70The emergence of the identity of a fictional expert advice-giver in an American Internet advice columnLocher, M. A., and Hoffmann, S.2006Text & Talk 26/1: 69-106.
71Re-examining narrativity: small stories in status updatesPage, R.2010Text & Talk 30/4: 423-444.
72Debating in an online world: a comparative analysis of speaking, writing, and online chat,Freiermuth, M. R.2011Text & Talk 31/2: 127-151.

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Published Online: 2016-8-12
Published in Print: 2017-11-27

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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