Abstract
Drawing on an analytic framework developed from ethical research guidelines and the relevant literature, this study analyzes and discusses the ways ethical issues were addressed by authors of 72 relevant journal articles on online self-representation in the field of applied linguistics. The results illustrate how researchers undertook efforts to fulfill ethical responsibilities in Internet-based research. They show how researchers’ self-narrated concerns and contextual conditions have mediated ethics-related research practices as reported in these studies. The results indicate the need for researchers to enhance critical awareness and assessment of potential ethical issues when conducting Internet-based research. Such critical awareness is essential for researchers to initiate and sustain an ongoing dialogue concerning ethics-related research practices in Internet-based applied linguistics research.
Funding statement: Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (Grant / Award Number: ‘GRF/HKU17402414H’).
Appendix: Studies included
| No. | Title | Author(s) | Year | Journal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘The voices, the voices’: Creativity in online conversation | North, S. | 2007 | Applied Linguistics 27/4: 538-555. |
| 2 | Redefining vernacular literacies in the age of Web 2.0 | Barton, D., and Lee, C. K. | 2012 | Applied linguistics 33/3: 282-298. |
| 3 | Ironic blackness as masculine cool: Asian American language and authenticity on YouTube | Chun, E. W. | 2013 | Applied linguistics 34/5: 592-612. |
| 4 | Moral logic and logical morality: Attributions of responsibility and blame in online discourse on veganism | Sneijder, P., and Te Molder, H. F. | 2005 | Discourse & Society 16/5: 675-696. |
| 5 | Scraping the barrel with a shower of social misfits: Everyday creativity in text messaging | Tagg, C. | 2013 | Applied linguistics 34/4: 480-500. |
| 6 | Staging gender online: Gender plays in Swiss internet relay chats | Rellstab, D. H. | 2007 | Discourse & Society 18/6: 765-787 |
| 7 | Racism and xenophobia in immigrants’ discourse: The case of Argentines in Spain | del-Teso-Craviotto, M. | 2009 | Discourse & Society 20/5: 571-592. |
| 8 | Talking the talk: policy, popular and media responses to the bicentenary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade using the Abolition Discourse | Waterton, E., and Wilson, R. | 2009 | Discourse & Society 20/3: 381-399. |
| 9 | Disembodiment and cyberspace: Gendered discourses in female teenagers’ personal information disclosure | Gómez, A. G. | 2010 | Discourse & Society 21/2: 135-160. |
| 10 | Using automated semantic tagging in Critical Discourse Analysis: A case study on Scottish independence from a Scottish nationalist perspective | Prentice, S. | 2010 | Discourse & Society 21/4: 405-437. |
| 11 | ‘Bring back Hitler’s gas chambers’: Asylum seeking, Nazis and Facebook–a discursive analysis | Burke, S. and Goodman, S. | 2012 | Discourse & Society 23/1: 19-33. |
| 12 | Social media networks and the discourse of resistance: A sociolinguistic CDA of Biafra online discourses | Chiluwa, I. | 2012 | Discourse & Society 23/3: 217-244. |
| 13 | Pro-anorexia: Extensions of ingrained concepts | Knapton, O. | 2013 | Discourse and Society 24/4: 461-477. |
| 14 | Are ‘queers’ really ‘queer’? Language, identity and same-sex desire in a South African online community | Milani, T. M. | 2013 | Discourse & Society 24/5: 615-633. |
| 15 | ‘They became big in the shadow of the crisis’ The Greek success story and the rise of the far right | Angouri, J., and Wodak, R. | 2014 | Discourse & Society 25/4: 540-565. |
| 16 | Small stories transposition and social media: A micro-perspective on the ‘Greek crisis’ | Georgakopoulou, A. | 2014 | Discourse & Society 25/4: 519-539. |
| 17 | ‘Maybe it is prejudice … but it is NOT racism’: Negotiating racism in discussion forums about Gypsies | Goodman, S., and Rowe, L. | 2013 | Discourse & Society 25/1: 32-46. |
| 18 | ‘200 years of white affirmative action’: White privilege discourse in discussions of racial inequality | Hastie, B. and Rimmington, D. | 2014 | Discourse and Society 25/2: 186-204. |
| 19 | Stancetaking and the Hong Kong Girl in a shifting heterosexual marketplace | Kang, M. A., and Chen, K. H. | 2014 | Discourse & Society 25/2: 205-220. |
| 20 | Guiding metaphors of nationalism: the Cyprus issue and the construction of Turkish national identity in online discussions | Baruh, L., and Popescu, M. | 2008 | Discourse & Communication 2/1: 79-96. |
| 21 | Coherence in political computer-mediated communication: analyzing topic relevance and drift in chat | Stromer-Galley, J. and Martinson, A. M. | 2009 | Discourse and Communication 3/2: 195-216. |
| 22 | Communicating with voters by blogs? Campaigning for the 2009 European Parliament elections | Vesnic-Alujevic, L. | 2011 | Discourse & Communication 5/4: 413-428. |
| 23 | The linguistics of self-branding and micro-celebrity in Twitter: The role of hashtags | Page, R. | 2012 | Discourse & Communication 6/2: 181-201. |
| 24 | Diablogging about asylum seekers: Building a counter-hegemonic discourse | Fozdar, F., and Pedersen, A. | 2013 | Discourse & Communication 7/4: 371-388. |
| 25 | ‘You know how tough I am?’ Discourse analysis of US Midwestern congresswomen’s self-presentation | Lee, J. | 2013 | Discourse & Communication 7/3: 299-317. |
| 26 | Moral argumentation as a rhetorical practice in popular online discourse: Examples from online comment sections of celebrity gossip | Eronen, M. | 2013 | Discourse & Communication 8/3: 278-298. |
| 27 | Enacting identity in microblogging through ambient affiliation | Zappavigna, M. | 2013 | Discourse & Communication 8/2: 209-228 |
| 28 | Conversational floors in synchronous text-based CMC discourse | Simpson, J. | 2005 | Discourse Studies 27/3: 337-361. |
| 29 | Telling about problems and giving advice in an Internet discussion forum: some discourse features | Morrow, P. R. | 2006 | Discourse studies 8/4: 531-548. |
| 30 | Gender and sexual identity authentication in language use: The case of chat rooms | del-Teso-Craviotto, M. | 2008 | Discourse Studies 10/2: 251-270. |
| 31 | An implicature forum: signaling relative expertise | Lange, P. G. | 2008 | Discourse Studies 10/2: 191-204. |
| 32 | The online support group as a community: A micro-analysis of the interaction with a new member | Stommel, W. and Koole, T. | 2010 | Discourse Studies 12/3: 357-378. |
| 33 | Questions and explanations in French and Anglo-American Usenet newsgroups | von Münchow, P., and Rakotonoelina, F. | 2010 | Discourse Studies 12/3: 311-329. |
| 34 | Problem presentation and responses on an online forum for young people who self-harm | Smithson, J., Sharkey, S., Hewis, E., Jones, R., Emmens, T., Ford, T. and Owens, C. | 2011 | Discourse Studies 13/4: 487-501. |
| 35 | ‘You look terrific!’ Social evaluation and relationships in online compliments | Maíz-Arévalo, C. and García-Gómez, A. | 2013 | Discourse Studies 15/6: 735-760. |
| 36 | ‘Multi-voicedness’ in internet guest-books of German and Italian teenagers | Fetscher, D. | 2009 | Language and Intercultural Communication 9/1: 33-42. |
| 37 | Contesting Animal Rights on the Internet Discourse Analysis of the Social Construction of Argument | Swan, D., and McCarthy, J. C. | 2003 | Journal of Language and Social Psychology 22/3: 297-320. |
| 38 | See you online. Gender issues in college student use of instant messaging | Baron, N. S. | 2004 | Journal of Language and Social Psychology 23/4: 397-423. |
| 39 | Assessing gender authenticity in computer-mediated language use evidence from an identity game | Herring, S. C., and Martinson, A. | 2004 | Journal of Language and Social Psychology 23(4): 424-446. |
| 40 | Emotional expression online emoticons punctuate website text messages | Provine, R. R., Spencer, R. J., and Mandell, D. L. | 2007 | Journal of Language and Social Psychology 26(3): 299-307. |
| 41 | Emotional commitment in public political internet message boards | Kleinke, S. | 2008 | Journal of Language and Social Psychology 27(4): 409-421. |
| 42 | Weighing in on the coaching decision: Discussing sports and race online | Sanderson, J. | 2010 | Journal of Language and Social Psychology 29/3: 301-320. |
| 43 | The communication of advice on an online message board for language assistants in France | Ruble, R. A. | 2011 | Journal of Language and Social Psychology 30/4: 396-420 |
| 44 | ‘Cantonese is not a dialect’: Chinese netizens’ defence of Cantonese as a regional lingua franca | Gao, X. | 2012 | Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 33/5: 449-464. |
| 45 | Complaints online: The case of TripAdvisor | Vásquez, C. | 2011 | Journal of Pragmatics 43/6: 1707-1717. |
| 46 | ‘SlutWalk’ on connected screens: Multiple framings of a social media discussion | Zhang, W., and Kramarae, C. | 2014 | Journal of Pragmatics 73: 66-81. |
| 47 | On-line polylogues: conversation structure and participation framework in internet newsgroups | Marcoccia, M. | 2004 | Journal of pragmatics 36/1: 115-145. |
| 48 | Arguing in English and French asynchronous online discussion | Lewis, D. M. | 2005 | Journal of pragmatics 37/11: 1801-1818. |
| 49 | Second-person pronoun use and address strategies in on-line personal ads from Quebec | van Compernolle, R. A | 2008 | Journal of Pragmatics 40/12: 2062-2076. |
| 50 | Concessive Repair and negotiation of affiliation in e-mail discourse | Tanskanen, S. K., and Karhukorpi, J. | 2008 | Journal of Pragmatics 40/9: 1587-1600.Z |
| 51 | On-line polylogues and impoliteness: The case of postings sent in response to the Obama Reggaeton YouTube video | Lorenzo-Dus, N., Blitvich, P. G. C., and Bou-Franch, P. | 2011 | Journal of Pragmatics 43/10: 2578-2593. |
| 52 | (Im) politeness and disagreement in two Hong Kong Internet discussion forums | Shum, W., and Lee, C. | 2013 | Journal of Pragmatics 50/1: 52-83. |
| 53 | Just click ‘Like’: Computer-mediated responses to Spanish compliments | Maíz-Arévalo, C. | 2013 | Journal of Pragmatics 51: 47-67. |
| 54 | (New) participatory framework on YouTube? Commenter interaction in US political speeches | Boyd, M. S. | 2014 | Journal of Pragmatics 72: 46-58. |
| 55 | Conflict management in massive polylogues: A case study from YouTube | Bou-Franch, P., and Blitvich, P. G. C. | 2014 | Journal of Pragmatics 73, 19-36. |
| 56 | Commenting on YouTube rants: Perceptions of inappropriateness or civic engagement? | Lange, P. G. | 2014 | Journal of Pragmatics 73: 53-65. |
| 57 | Playful language alternation in an online discussion forum: The example of digital code plays | Jaworska, S. | 2014 | Journal of Pragmatics 71: 56-68. |
| 58 | Language variation on Internet Relay Chat: A social network approach | Paolillo, J. C. | 2001 | Journal of sociolinguistics 5/2: 180-213. |
| 59 | Gender and genre variation in weblogs | Herring, S. C., and Paolillo, J. C. | 2006 | Journal of Sociolinguistics 10/4: 439-459 |
| 60 | Code choice and code-switching in Swiss-German Internet Relay Chat rooms | Siebenhaar, B. | 2006 | Journal of Sociolinguistics 10(4): 481-506. |
| 61 | Multilingualism, diaspora, and the Internet: Codes and identities on German-based diaspora websites | Androutsopoulos, J. | 2006 | Journal of Sociolinguistics 10(4): 520-547. |
| 62 | Beyond social networking: Performing global Englishes in Facebook by college youth in Nepal | Sharma, B. K. | 2012 | Journal of Sociolinguistics 16/4: 483-509. |
| 63 | Language choice and addressivity strategies in Thai‐English social network interactions | Seargeant, P., Tagg, C., and Ngampramuan, W. | 2012 | Journal of Sociolinguistics 16/4: 510-531. |
| 64 | The Maghreb-Mashreq language ideology and the politics of identity in a globalized Arab world | Hachimi, A. | 2013 | Journal of Sociolinguistics 17/3: 269-296. |
| 65 | Negotiation of face in web chats | Golato, A., and Taleghani-Nikazm, C. | 2006 | Multilingua 25/3: 293–321. |
| 66 | What has happened to Arabs? Identity and face management online | Al Zidjaly, N. | 2012 | Multilingua 31/4: 413-439. |
| 67 | Aggression and perceived national face threats in Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese CMC discussion boards | Kádár, D. Z., Haugh, M., and Chang, W. L. M. | 2013 | Multilingua 32/3: 343-372. |
| 68 | A tale of Blue Rain Café: A study on the online narrative construction about a community of English learners on the Chinese mainland | Gao, X. | 2007 | System 35/2: 259-270. |
| 69 | “Christians” and “bad Christians”: categorization in atheist user talk on YouTube | Pihlaja, S. | 2014 | Text &Talk 34/5, 623-639. |
| 70 | The emergence of the identity of a fictional expert advice-giver in an American Internet advice column | Locher, M. A., and Hoffmann, S. | 2006 | Text & Talk 26/1: 69-106. |
| 71 | Re-examining narrativity: small stories in status updates | Page, R. | 2010 | Text & Talk 30/4: 423-444. |
| 72 | Debating in an online world: a comparative analysis of speaking, writing, and online chat, | Freiermuth, M. R. | 2011 | Text & Talk 31/2: 127-151. |
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© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Ethics-related practices in Internet-based applied linguistics research
- Predicting study success of international students
- Understanding classroom participation and identity negotiation: An undergraduate student’s L2 learning experiences in an English-medium university in Hong Kong
- Understanding the NS/NNS division of labor in the creation and assessment of a Japanese university English entrance exam
- To postpone or not to postpone? Examining access policy on early foreign language learning from second language acquisition and language planning and policy perspectives
- Developing awareness and use of compliments in the Chinese homestay: A longitudinal case study
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Ethics-related practices in Internet-based applied linguistics research
- Predicting study success of international students
- Understanding classroom participation and identity negotiation: An undergraduate student’s L2 learning experiences in an English-medium university in Hong Kong
- Understanding the NS/NNS division of labor in the creation and assessment of a Japanese university English entrance exam
- To postpone or not to postpone? Examining access policy on early foreign language learning from second language acquisition and language planning and policy perspectives
- Developing awareness and use of compliments in the Chinese homestay: A longitudinal case study