Economic and Environmental Conditions for the Diffusion of Insurance in Three Non-Euro-American Regions During the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

References

Anderson, D. 1984. “Depression, Dust Bowl, Demography, and Drought: The Colonial State and Soil Conservation in East Africa during the 1930s.” African Affairs 83: 321–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097622.Search in Google Scholar

Baker, A. M. 1987. “Liberalization of Trade in Services - The World Insurance Industry.” In The Emerging Service Economy, edited by O. Giarini, 193–211. Geneva: Pergamon Press.Search in Google Scholar

Benjamin, D., and L. Brandt. 1997. “Land, Factor Markets, and Inequality in Rural China: Historical Evidence.” Explorations in Economic History 34: 460–94. https://doi.org/10.1006/exeh.1997.0683.Search in Google Scholar

Bickers, R. 2010. “Shanghailanders and Others: British Communities in China 1843–1957.” In Settlers and Expatriates: Britons Over the Seas, edited by R. Bickers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. tables 10.2, 10.4.Search in Google Scholar

CAEF Archives Paris. 1970. B0064208/1 Documents Statistiques, Net Losses for Life Insurance in French West Africa in 1970.Search in Google Scholar

Central Bank of Kenya. 1970. Monetary and Financial Developments. Nairobi: The Annual CBK Bulletin.Search in Google Scholar

Central Bank of Kenya. 1974. Monetary and Financial Developments. Nairobi: The Annual CBK Bulletin.Search in Google Scholar

Chan, C. S.-C. 2012. Marketing Death: Culture and the Making of Life Insurance in China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

China Maritime Customs Service. 1913. “Statistical Series No.6.” In Decennial Reports on the Trade, Industries, etc., of the Ports Open to Foreign Commerce, and the Condition and Development of the Treaty Port Provinces, 1902–1911. Appendix VI, Population Table, Vol. 2, 354–5. Shanghai. Third Issue.Search in Google Scholar

China Maritime Customs Service. 1918. “Statistical Series Nos 3 to 5.” In Returns of Trade and Trade Reports 1917, Part I, 85. Shanghai.Search in Google Scholar

Crowe, R. 1980. “Crop Insurance.” In 7th African Insurance Conference, 11–15 February 1980.Search in Google Scholar

Daston, L. J. 1987. “The Domestication of Risk: Mathematical Probability and Insurance 1650–1830.” In The Probabilistic Revolution, Volume 1: Ideas in History, edited by L. Krüger, L. J. Daston, and M. Heidelberger, 237–60. Cambridge: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar

Dung, Y. 1928. “Life Insurance in China: A Study of the Factors Hindering its Development.” PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania.Search in Google Scholar

East African Statistical Department. 1961. East Africa Insurance Statistics 1950–1958. Nairobi.Search in Google Scholar

East African Statistical Department. 1964. East Africa Insurance Statistics 1959–1964. Nairobi.Search in Google Scholar

Elvin, M. 1973. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Stanford.Search in Google Scholar

Enz, R. 2000. “The S-Curve Relation between Per-Capita Income and Insurance Penetration.” The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance 25: 396–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0440.00072.Search in Google Scholar

Fairbank, J. K., and K.-C. Liu. 1980. “Introduction.” In The Cambridge History of China, Volume 11 Late Chi’ing, 1800-1911, Part 2, edited by J. K. Fairbank, and K.-C. Liu. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CHOL9780521220293Search in Google Scholar

Falciglia, A. 1980. “The Demand for Non-Life Insurance: A Consumption-Oriented Model.” The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance 5: 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1057/gpp.1980.14.Search in Google Scholar

Frenz, M. 2008. “Global Goans. Migration Movements and Identity in a Historical Perspective.” Lusotopie XV (1): 183–202. https://doi.org/10.1163/17683084-01501014.Search in Google Scholar

Ghana Insurance Corporation. 1956. “Corporate Documents.” In Box 2 Folder 1 - Report to Shareholders, August 15, 1956, vol. 195. MA: New York Public Library.Search in Google Scholar

Ghana Insurance Corporation. 1987. State Insurance Corporation at 25 Years. Lagos.Search in Google Scholar

Greenberg, M. 1951. British Trade and the Opening of China 1800–42. Cambridge.Search in Google Scholar

Harrison, J. H. 1959. “Kenya-White Highlands.” In Motion made by Colonel J. H. Harrison during UK Parliamentary Session, 30 October 1959, Vol. 594, 463–74. London: Hansard.Search in Google Scholar

Hsiao, L.-l. 1974. China’s Foreign Trade Statistics, 1864–1949. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.10.1353/book75525Search in Google Scholar

Iliffe, J. 1979. A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511584114Search in Google Scholar

Issa, A. 2011. “Malaria and Public Health Measures in Colonial Urban Zanzibar, 1900–1956.” Hygiea Internationalis: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the History of Public Health 10: 35–51. https://doi.org/10.3384/hygiea.1403-8668.1110235.Search in Google Scholar

Issawi, C. 1980. The Economic History of Turkey 1800–1914. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar

Jitschin, A. 2010. “From Economic to Political Reality: Forming a Nationalized Indian Life Assurance Market.” In The Development of International Insurance, edited by R. Pearson, 133–44. London: Pickering and Chatto.Search in Google Scholar

Kenya National Archives and Documentation, Service. 1929. File No. CO533/393, Telegram from Crown Agents for Colonies To Governor. Nairobi (dated June 24, 1929).Search in Google Scholar

Kenya National Archives and Documentation Service. 1930a. File No. CO533/393, Telegram Dated 21 January 1930. London: The East African Department, Kenya to Colonial Office.Search in Google Scholar

Kenya National Archives and Documentation Service 1930b. File No. CO533/393, Locust Menace Crop Insurance X 1930.Search in Google Scholar

Kenya National Archives and Documentation Service. 1952. File No. DC/5/2/1952. Asians Civil Services.Search in Google Scholar

Kimambo, N., and H. Maddox. 2017. A New History of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.Search in Google Scholar

Kjekshus, H. 1977. Ecology Control and Economic Development in East African History: The Case of Tanganyika 1840–1940. London and Berkeley.10.1525/9780520347557Search in Google Scholar

Lowenstein, M. 2020. “The China United Assurance Society and the Making of Chinese Life Insurance, 1912–1949.” Enterprise and Society 21: 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2019.48.Search in Google Scholar

Loxley, J. 1966. “Financial Intermediaries and their Role in East Africa.” In Presented during the University of East Africa Social Science Conference. Nairobi. unpublished paper.Search in Google Scholar

Loxley, J. 1979. “The Monetary System of Tanzania Since 1967: Progress, Problems, and Proposals.” In Papers on the Political Economy of Tanzania, edited by K. K. Kim, R. B. Mabele, and M. J. Schultheis. Nairobi.Search in Google Scholar

Maddison, A. 2006. The World Economy Vol. 2 - Historical Statistics. Paris: OECD.10.1787/9789264022621-enSearch in Google Scholar

Mbilinyi, S. 1996. Minister’s Speech When Presenting the Bill for Insurance Act (dated November 4, 1996).Search in Google Scholar

Millo, G. 2020. “The S-Curve and Reality.” In Assicurazioni Generali Group Insurance Research Working Paper WP1/16. consulted online (accessed August 6, 2020).Search in Google Scholar

Morse, H. B. 1926. The Chronicles of the East India Company Trading to China 1635–1834, Vol. 3, 61–3. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Search in Google Scholar

Moss, M. 2000. Standard Life 1825-2000: The Building of Europe’s Largest Mutual Life Company. Edinburgh and London: Mainstream Publishing.Search in Google Scholar

National Insurance Corporation of Tanzania. 1971. Insurance Industry in Tanzania: 10 Years of Independence Anniversary. Dar es Salaam.Search in Google Scholar

National Insurance Corporation of Tanzania. 1970 and 1977. Annual Reports. Dar es Salaam.Search in Google Scholar

National Insurance Corporation of Tanzania. 1980. Annual Report. Dar es Salaam.Search in Google Scholar

Official Gazette. 1929. The Official Gazette of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya (Special Issue), vol. XXXI. Nairobi (dated November 22, 1929).Search in Google Scholar

Ottoman Bank. 1942. Sigorta Rehberi. Istanbul: Ottoman Bank.Search in Google Scholar

Pamuk, Ş. 2018. Uneven Centuries: Economic Development of Turkey since 1820. Princeton: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9780691184982Search in Google Scholar

Pearson, R. 2004. Insuring The Industrial Revolution: Fire Insurance in Great Britain, 1700–1850. Aldershot: Ashgate.Search in Google Scholar

Republic of Ghana. 1963. Parliamentary Debates (dated October 21, 1963).Search in Google Scholar

Richardson, P. 1999. Economic Change in China c. 1800–1950. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139171229Search in Google Scholar

Rodney, W. 1972. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Washington DC: Howard University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Rosenthal, J.-L., and R. Bin Wong. 2011. Before and Beyond Divergence: The Politics of Economic Change in China and Europe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.10.4159/harvard.9780674061293Search in Google Scholar

Ryan, R. J. 1983. “A History of the Norwich Union Fire and Life Insurance Societies from 1797 to 1914.” PhD thesis, University of East Anglia.Search in Google Scholar

Shiue, C. H. 2000. “Grain Trade and Storage in Late Imperial China.” The Journal of Economic History 60: 511–5. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700250237.Search in Google Scholar

Shiue, C. H. 2004. “Local Granaries and Central Government Disaster Relief: Moral Hazard and Intergovernmental Finance in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century China.” The Journal of Economic History 64: 100–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/s002205070400261x.Search in Google Scholar

Smith, P. F. 1971. Economics of Financial Institutions and Markets. Homewood.10.2307/2325783Search in Google Scholar

South Centre. 1998. Towards an Economic Platform for the South. Geneva.Search in Google Scholar

Standard Life Archive. 1855. SL/05/1/1/15, Reports on the Climates of Australia and Shanghai.Search in Google Scholar

Swiss Re. 1999. Sigma no. 5. Zurich: Swiss Re.Search in Google Scholar

Swiss Re. 2015. Sigma no. 4. Zurich: Swiss Re.Search in Google Scholar

Tanzania National Archive. 1939a. File 588/30, Extract from Minutes of the First Meeting of the Reconstructed Railway Advisory Council Held on 26th May 1939. Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Mpwapwa.Search in Google Scholar

Tanzania National Archive. 1939b. File 20/36A, Report from Colonial Provincial Commissioner (dated August 11, 1939).Search in Google Scholar

Tanzania National Archive. 1944a. File 204, Letter from Sir Wilfrid Jackson to Colonial Office on ‘Establishment of Social Security Scheme in Tanganyika Territory’ (dated October 13, 1944).Search in Google Scholar

Tanzania National Archive. 1944b. File 32743 G.T.C Telegram, Secretary of the State`s Comment on Memorandum for “Minimum Standards for Social Policy in Dependent Territories” (dated December 21, 1944).Search in Google Scholar

Tanzania National Archive. 1948. Acc. 32781 Vol. II, Circular To all Colonies (dated August 15, 1948).Search in Google Scholar

Throup, D. W. 1988. Economic and Social Origins of Mau Mau. Athens: Ohio University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Tignor, R. L. 2016. Capitalism and Nationalism at the End of Empire: State and Business in Decolonizing Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya, 1945–1963. Princeton: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400873005Search in Google Scholar

Trebilcock, C. 1998. Phoenix Assurance and the Development of British Insurance, Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

UK High Commission. 1949. Circular No. 37 (dated May 30, 1949).10.1080/0005772X.1949.11096598Search in Google Scholar

UK National Archives. 1947/8. CO 554/160/4, Correspondence Between W. Elders & Sons Ltd and the Secretariat of State for the Colonies 1947/1948.Search in Google Scholar

Verhoef, G. 2018. The Power of Your Life: The Sanlam Century of Insurance Empowerment, 1918-2018. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780198817758.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Verhoef, G. 2021. “Insurance and Wealth: The Historical Trajectory of Changing Markets and Strategies in Insurance.” In Maritime Risk Management: Essays on the History of Marine Insurance, General Average and Sea Loan, edited by P. Hellwege, and G. Rossi, 17–34. Berlin: Duncker and Humblot.Search in Google Scholar

Wallbank, T. W. 1938. “British Colonial Policy and Native Education in Kenya.” The Journal of Negro Education 7: 521–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/2291799.Search in Google Scholar

Wasow, B. 1974. The Mathematical Theory of Insurance. Lexington: Heath.Search in Google Scholar

Wasow, B. 1986. “Determinants of Insurance Penetration: A Cross Country Analysis.” In The Insurance Industry in Economic Development, edited by B. Wasow, and R. D. Hill, 160–76. New York: New York University Press.Search in Google Scholar

World Bank. 1980. ‘Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action’; Statistics appendix.Search in Google Scholar

Yi, Li 2008. “Beyond Restoration: Problems of Imperial Power in the 1870 Famine Relief Efforts in Zhili.” Journal of Modern Chinese History 2: 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535650802048082.Search in Google Scholar

Zaman, M. A., and M. Merkonnen. 1993. Case Studies on Rural Insurance in Africa. Addis Ababa: Joint ECA/FAO Agriculture Division.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Li 2014. “Net Income Per Capita in Rural Wuxi 1840s-1940s.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 57: 291–325. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341350.Search in Google Scholar

Zwierlein, C. 2017. “Perceiving Urban Fire Regimes in Europe and China (1830 to 1870): British Fire Insurance Business and the Sudden Challenge of Globalisation.” In Historical Disaster Experiences: Towards a Comparative and Transcultural History of Disasters across Asia and Europe, edited by G. Jasper Schenk, 327–52. Berlin: Springer Verlag.10.1007/978-3-319-49163-9_16Search in Google Scholar