Epidemiological and genetic characterization of larval stages of Fasciola gigantica in snail intermediate hosts in Karnataka State, India

Rangappa Rajanna; Pamalapati Mahadevareddy Thimmareddy; Pinaki Prasad Sengupta; Susan Jacob Siju; Gotakanapura Sanjeevamurthy Mamatha

doi:10.1515/ap-2018-0070

Article

Epidemiological and genetic characterization of larval stages of Fasciola gigantica in snail intermediate hosts in Karnataka State, India

Rangappa Rajanna , Pamalapati Mahadevareddy Thimmareddy , Pinaki Prasad Sengupta , Susan Jacob Siju and Gotakanapura Sanjeevamurthy Mamatha

Published/Copyright: July 4, 2018

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From the journal Acta Parasitologica Volume 63 Issue 3

Abstract

Fasciolosis in ruminants in India is caused by the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica. Radix (Lymnaea) spp. are known to carry the infective stages of this parasite. Understanding the seasonal prevalence of F. gigantica infection in the intermediate host is of extreme importance in order to elucidate the transmission dynamics of the parasite. So the present study was designed to determine the bioclimatic distribution of larval stages of F. gigantica in Radix spp. snails as well as to explore the genetic diversity of F. gigantica in three geographical regions (Deccan plateau, Western Ghats and coastal region) of Karnataka. The lymnaeid snails were sampled (n = 2077) for a period of one year (June 2015 to May 2016) at 24 sites. The snails were morphologically identified and the infection status was established through cercarial shedding and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based technique targeting second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The sensitivity of PCR (8.2%) for detection of F. gigantica infection within snail is significantly higher than cercarial shedding (4.3%) with an overall prevalence of 5.1%. The prevalence of infection was higher in winter than in the rainy and summer seasons (6.2% instead of 4.6% and 4.3% respectively). Deccan plateau (5.8%) showed a higher prevalence of infection compared to Western Ghats (5.2%) and Coastal region (3.6%). The sequencing ITS-2 region permitted the identification of the parasite as F. gigantica which is having high implication in studying the population genetic structure of the parasite in the country. In conclusion, overall results indicated that Radix spp. snails harboured F. gigantica developmental stages throughout the year and nested PCR was found to be sensitive and specific for detection of F. gigantica infection in snails compared to routine parasitological techniques.

Keywords: Fasciola gigantica; snail; genetic characterization; ITS-2

Conflict of Interest: The authors of this study declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director of the ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics for providing facilities for completion of this study.

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Received: 2018-01-03

Revised: 2018-04-23

Accepted: 2018-04-27

Published Online: 2018-07-04

Published in Print: 2018-09-25

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0070

Keywords for this article

Fasciola gigantica; snail; genetic characterization; ITS-2