Expression analysis of viscerotropic leishmaniasis gene in Leishmania species by real-time RT-PCR
-
Hossein Reisi Nafchi
Abstract
Viscerotropic leishmaniasis (VTL) is a parasitic disease with non-specific manifestations caused by Leishmania tropica. Specific antigens produced by Viscerotropic leishmaniasis gene have been used for diagnosis of VTL. The aim of this study was to compare the expression level of VTL gene among the viscerotropic L. tropica isolates (n: 3) and visceral L. infantum isolates (n: 4). Also, the expression level was compared in L. tropica (n: 21) and L. major (n: 8) isolates, the main causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran by real time-RT-PCR. Results showed viscerotropic leishmaniasis gene was expressed in all 3 species; L. tropica, L. major and L. infantum. The most expression rate was in L. tropica and L. major as the cutaneous species and the lowest in visceral isolates including L. infantum and viscerotropic L. tropica strains respectively.
Conclusion: Results revealed that VTL gene can play an important role in visceralization process of L. tropica although there are other mechanisms to keep parasite visceralized. According to these primary results, increased the expression level of VTL gene probably could contribute to inhibit the invasive behavior of Leishmania parasites. However, more experimental researches are needed to confirm this idea.
References
Alvar J., Velez I.D., Bern C., Herrero M., Desjeux P., Cano J., Jannin J., Den Boer M., Team W.L.C. 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PloS one, 7, e35671. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.003567110.1371/journal.pone.0035671Search in Google Scholar
Colebunders R., Depraetere K., Verstraeten T., Lambert J., Hauben E., Van Marck E., Maurer T., Bañuls A.L., Dujardin J.C. 1999. Unusual cutaneous lesions in two patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 41, 847-850. DOI: 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70342-710.1016/S0190-9622(99)70342-7Search in Google Scholar
Dillon D.C., Day C.H., Whittle J.A., Magill A.J., Reed S.G. 1995. Characterization of a Leishmania tropica antigen that detects immune responses in Desert Storm viscerotropic leishmaniasis patients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92, 7981-7985. DOI:10.1073/pnas.92.17.798Search in Google Scholar
Gasser R.A., Magill A.J., Oster C.N., Tramont E.C. 1991. The threat of infectious disease in Americans returning from Operation Desert Storm. New England Journal of Medicine, 324, 859-864. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM19910321324122910.1056/NEJM199103213241229Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Hajjaran H., Mohebali M., Akhavan A., Taheri A., Barikbin B., Soheila N.S. 2013a. Unusual presentation of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major Case reports of four Iranian patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 6, 333-336. DOI: 10.1016/S1995-7645(13) 60066-8Search in Google Scholar
Hajjaran H., Mohebali M., Mamishi S., Vasigheh F., Oshaghi M.A., Naddaf S.R., Teimouri A., Edrissian G.H., Zarei Z. 2013b. Molecular identification and polymorphism determination of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis agents isolated from human and animal hosts in Iran. BioMed Research International, Article ID: 789326. 7 Pages. DOI: 10.1155/ 2013/78932610.1155/2013/789326Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Hajjaran H., Mohebali M., Teimouri A., Oshaghi M.A., Mirjalali H., Kazemi-Rad E., Shiee M.R., Naddaf S.R. 2014. Identification and phylogenetic relationship of Iranian Strains of various Leishmania species isolated from cutaneous and visceral cases of Leishmaniasis based on N acetyl glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 26, 203-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.02610.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Hajjaran H., Mohebali M., Zarei Z., Edrissian G.H. 2007. Leishmania tropica: Another etiological agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 36, 85-88.Search in Google Scholar
Jafari S., Hajiabdolbaghi M., Mohebali M., Hajjaran H., Hashemian H. 2010. Disseminated leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in HIV-positive patients in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Eeastern Meditteranean Health Journal, 16, 340-343. PMID: 2079545210.26719/2010.16.3.340Search in Google Scholar
Kazemi-Rad E., Mohebali M., Khadem-Erfan M.B., Hajjaran H., Hadighi R., Khamesipour A., Rezaie S., Saffari M., Raoofian R., Heidari M. 2013a. Overexpression of ubiquitin and amino acid permease genes in association with antimony resistance in Leishmania tropica field isolates. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 51, 413-419. DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.41310.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.413Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Kreutzer R.D., Grogl M., Neva F.A., Fryauff D.J., Magill A.J., Aleman-Munoz M.M. 1993. Identification and genetic comparison of leishmanial parasites causing viscerotropic and cutaneous disease in soldiers returning from Operation Desert Storm. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 49, 357-363. PMID: 837295710.4269/ajtmh.1993.49.357Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Livak K.J., Schmittgen T.D. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using Real Time quantitative PCR and the 2 Delta delta ct Method. Methods, 25, 402-408. DOI: 10.1006/meth. 2001.1262Search in Google Scholar
Livneh A., Youngster I., El-On Y., Berkovitch M., Abu-Kishk I. 2015. The lack of effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation as a treatment for Leishmania major in a mouse model. Acta Parasitol, 60, 345-349. DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-004810.1515/ap-2015-0048Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Magill A.J., Grogl M., Gasser R.A.Jr., Sun W., Oster C.N. 1993. Visceral infection caused by Leishmania tropica in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 1383-1387. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199305133 281904Search in Google Scholar
Mohebali M., Malmasi A., Hajjaran H., Jamshidi S., Akhoundi B., Rezaei M., Janitabar S., Zarei H., Charehdar S. 2011. Disseminated leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in a puppy from Karaj, Central Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 6, 69-73. PMCID: PMC3279879Search in Google Scholar
Mondal S., Roy J.J., Bera T. 2014. Generation of adenosine triphosphate in Leishmania donovani amastigote forms. Acta Parasitologica, 59, 11-6. DOI: 10.2478/s11686-014-0203-9Myler P.J., Fasel N. 2008. Leishmania: after the genome. Caister Academic Press, Horizon Scientific Press 10.2478/s11686-014-0203-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Peacock C.S., Seeger K., Harris D., Murphy L., Ruiz J.C., Quail M.A., Peters N., Adlem E., Tivey A., Aslett M. 2007. Comparative genomic analysis of three Leishmania species that cause diverse human disease. Nature Genetics, 39, 839-847. DOI: 10.1038/ng205310.1038/ng2053Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Pfaffl M.W., Horgan G.W., Dempfle L. 2002. Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Research, 30, e36. DOI: 10.1093/nar/30.9.e36 10.1093/nar/30.9.e36Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Raja K.M., Khan A.A., Hameed A., Rahman S.B. 1998. Unusual clinical variants of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan. British Journal of Dermatology, 139, 111-113. DOI: 10. 1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02325.x 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02325.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
World Health Organization (WHO) authors. 2010. Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Commitee on the Control of Leishmaniases. WHO Technical Report Series 949, Geneva, Switzerland. pp. 1-187 Search in Google Scholar
© 2016
Articles in the same Issue
- Toxocarosis of the organ of sight – the complex pathological and diagnostic problem
- Trichomonas vaginalis: An Updated Overview Towards Diagnostic Improvement
- New species and records of mites of the superfamily Sarcoptoidea (Acariformes: Psoroptidia) from mammals in Brazil
- The morphology of free-living stages and immature parasites of Rhabdias paraensis (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae), a parasite of Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae) in Brazil
- Effects of altered water quality and trace elements on the infection variables of Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) from two sites in the Vaal River system, South Africa
- Herd-level seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in central and northeastern Poland
- Ultrastructure of Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788) (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from the endangered green peafowl Pavo muticus Linnaeus (Galliformes: Phasianidae)
- Prevalence and risk factors associated to Eimeria spp. infection in unweaned alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from Southern Peru
- Description of a new species of Chabaudus Inglis and Ogden, 1965 (Nematoda: Seuratoidea) from the frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis from Dehrandun, Uttarakhand, India
- Fertilization in the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis (Cyclophyllidea, Taeniidae)
- Expression analysis of viscerotropic leishmaniasis gene in Leishmania species by real-time RT-PCR
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a tool for identification of crude microbial extracts with anti-malarial potential
- A 43 kDa recombinant plasmepsin elicits immune response in mice against Plasmodium berghei malaria
- Effects of Echinostoma caproni miracidia dose on the amino acid contents of Biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography
- In search of a potential diagnostic tool for molecular characterization of lymphatic filariasis
- Seasonal pattern in parasite infracommunities of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Hoplias malabaricus (Actinopterygii: Erythrinidae) from the Brazilian Amazon
- The first detection of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from the lowland European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus L.)
- Assessing the influence of geographic distance in parasite communities of an exotic lizard
- Diagnostic value of semi-purified antigens of hydatid cyst fluid in human cystic echinococcosis
- Occurrence and morphogenetic characteristics of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from a rainbow trout farm (Lake Ladoga, Russia)
- Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on cichlids from northern Brazil, with description of two new species of Sciadicleithrum and new host and geographical records
- Molecular detection and prevalence of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas in Istanbul, Turkey
- First report of Cystoisospora belli parasitemia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Cystic echinococcosis in Southern Israel
- Larval cestodes infecting the deep-water fish, Cataetyx laticeps (Pisces: Bythitidae) from Madeira Archipelago, Atlantic Ocean
- Toxocara canis glycans influence antigen recognition by mouse IgG1 and IgM antibodies
- Phylogenetic relationships among Linguatula serrata isolates from Iran based on 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences
- The transstadial persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in natural conditions
Articles in the same Issue
- Toxocarosis of the organ of sight – the complex pathological and diagnostic problem
- Trichomonas vaginalis: An Updated Overview Towards Diagnostic Improvement
- New species and records of mites of the superfamily Sarcoptoidea (Acariformes: Psoroptidia) from mammals in Brazil
- The morphology of free-living stages and immature parasites of Rhabdias paraensis (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae), a parasite of Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae) in Brazil
- Effects of altered water quality and trace elements on the infection variables of Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) from two sites in the Vaal River system, South Africa
- Herd-level seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in central and northeastern Poland
- Ultrastructure of Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788) (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from the endangered green peafowl Pavo muticus Linnaeus (Galliformes: Phasianidae)
- Prevalence and risk factors associated to Eimeria spp. infection in unweaned alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from Southern Peru
- Description of a new species of Chabaudus Inglis and Ogden, 1965 (Nematoda: Seuratoidea) from the frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis from Dehrandun, Uttarakhand, India
- Fertilization in the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis (Cyclophyllidea, Taeniidae)
- Expression analysis of viscerotropic leishmaniasis gene in Leishmania species by real-time RT-PCR
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a tool for identification of crude microbial extracts with anti-malarial potential
- A 43 kDa recombinant plasmepsin elicits immune response in mice against Plasmodium berghei malaria
- Effects of Echinostoma caproni miracidia dose on the amino acid contents of Biomphalaria glabrata as determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography
- In search of a potential diagnostic tool for molecular characterization of lymphatic filariasis
- Seasonal pattern in parasite infracommunities of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Hoplias malabaricus (Actinopterygii: Erythrinidae) from the Brazilian Amazon
- The first detection of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from the lowland European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus L.)
- Assessing the influence of geographic distance in parasite communities of an exotic lizard
- Diagnostic value of semi-purified antigens of hydatid cyst fluid in human cystic echinococcosis
- Occurrence and morphogenetic characteristics of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from a rainbow trout farm (Lake Ladoga, Russia)
- Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on cichlids from northern Brazil, with description of two new species of Sciadicleithrum and new host and geographical records
- Molecular detection and prevalence of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas in Istanbul, Turkey
- First report of Cystoisospora belli parasitemia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Cystic echinococcosis in Southern Israel
- Larval cestodes infecting the deep-water fish, Cataetyx laticeps (Pisces: Bythitidae) from Madeira Archipelago, Atlantic Ocean
- Toxocara canis glycans influence antigen recognition by mouse IgG1 and IgM antibodies
- Phylogenetic relationships among Linguatula serrata isolates from Iran based on 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences
- The transstadial persistence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in natural conditions
