Home The Democratic Theory of the Early Marx
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

The Democratic Theory of the Early Marx

  • Paul Raekstad EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 6, 2017

Abstract:

This article presents a novel reading of Marx’s early, pre-1844, democratic theory, and its connection with his early views on alienation. It argues, contra established readings, that Marx had a properly developed theory of alienation prior to his famous Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844; that this theory is not centred solely on a critique of the modern state, or Hegel’s conception thereof; that it consists in suppressing a human species-essence for participation in collective deliberation and decision-making via people’s subjection to external power and domination; that it therefore applies widely both to the modern state and the capitalist economy, as well as to feudalism; and that this sheds light on the connections between Marx’s theory of alienation on the one hand, and his early conception of non-alienated society, democracy, on the other. This will help us better to understand the relationship of Marx’s to other, especially radical enlightenment, political thought.

Abensour, M. 2004. La Démocratie contre l’État: Marx et le moment machiavélien. Paris.Search in Google Scholar

Albert Igoin, A. 1977. “De l’ellipse de la théorie politique de Spinoza chez le jeune Marx”. Cahiers Spinoza 1, 213–28.Search in Google Scholar

Althusser, L. 1966. Pour Marx. Paris.10.3917/dec.althu.2005.01Search in Google Scholar

Avineri, S. 1968. The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx. Cambridge.10.1017/CBO9781139171410Search in Google Scholar

Balibar, E. 2008. Spinoza and Politics. London.Search in Google Scholar

Baudrillard, J. 1998. The Consumer Society. London.Search in Google Scholar

Berki, R. N. 1990. “Through and Through Hegel: Marx Road to Communism”. Political Studies 36, 654–71.10.1111/j.1467-9248.1990.tb01508.xSearch in Google Scholar

Breckman, W. 1999. Marx, The Young Hegelians, and the Origins of Radical Social Theory. Cambridge.10.1017/CBO9780511624704Search in Google Scholar

Chitty, A. 2006. “The Basis of the State in the Marx of 1842”. In The New Hegelians: Politics and Philosophy in the Hegelian School. Ed. D. Moggach. Cambridge, 220–41.10.1017/CBO9780511498664.011Search in Google Scholar

Colletti, L. 1992. “Introduction” to Marx, Early Writings. London, 7–56.Search in Google Scholar

David McLellan, D. 1970. Marx Before Marxism. London.10.1007/978-1-349-16273-4Search in Google Scholar

Debord, G. 1995. The Society of the Spectacle. New York.10.2307/j.ctv1453m69Search in Google Scholar

Draper, H. 1976/77. Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution, Volume I: State and Bureaucracy. New York.Search in Google Scholar

Duquette, D. A. 1989. “Marx’s Idealist Critique of Hegel’s Theory of Society and Politics”. Review of Politics 51, 218–40.10.1017/S0034670500048099Search in Google Scholar

Graeber, D. 2009. Direct Action: An Ethnography. Oakland.Search in Google Scholar

Hardt, H. 2000. “Communication is Freedom: Karl Marx on Press Freedom and Censorship”. The Public 7, 85–100.10.1080/13183222.2000.11008760Search in Google Scholar

Holloway, J. 2010. Crack Capitalism. New York.10.2307/j.ctt183p362Search in Google Scholar

Hudis, 2013 Marx Concept of the Alternative to Capitalism. Chicago, IL.10.1163/9789004229860Search in Google Scholar

Hyppolite, J. 1969. Studies on Marx and Hegel. London.Search in Google Scholar

Israel, J. 1971. Alienation; from Marx to Modern Sociology: A Macrosociological Analysis. Boston.Search in Google Scholar

–. 2001. Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650–1750. Oxford.Search in Google Scholar

–. 2006. Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man 1670–1752. Oxford.Search in Google Scholar

–. 2009. A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy. Princeton, NJ.10.1515/9781400831609Search in Google Scholar

–. 2011. Democratic Enlightenment: Philosophy, Revolution, and Human Rights 1750–1790. Oxford.Search in Google Scholar

István Mészáros, I. 1972. Marx’s Theory of Alienation. London.Search in Google Scholar

Jaeggi, R. 2005. Entfremdung: zur Aktualität eines sozialphilosophischen Problems. Frankfurt/M.Search in Google Scholar

Lebowitz, M. 2010. The Socialist Alternative: Real Human Development. New York.Search in Google Scholar

Lefebvre, H. 2014. Critique of Everyday Life. London.Search in Google Scholar

Lukacs, G. 1974. History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics. London.Search in Google Scholar

Matheron, A. 1977. “Le Traité théologico-politique lu par le jeune Marx”. Cahiers Spinoza 1, 159–212.Search in Google Scholar

Marx, K. 1992. Early Writings. Ed. L. Colletti. London.Search in Google Scholar

McGovern, A. F. 1988. “The Young Marx on the State”. In Karl Marx’s Economics: Critical Assessments, Volume 1. Ed. J. C. Wood. London, 166–93.Search in Google Scholar

Plamenatz, J. 1975. Karl Marx’s Philosophy of Man. OxfordSearch in Google Scholar

Sartre, J.-P. 1960. Critique de la raison dialectique Tome I: Théorie des ensembles pratiques. Paris.Search in Google Scholar

Sayers, S. 2007. Marxism and Human Nature. London.Search in Google Scholar

–. 2011. Marx and Alienation. Essays on Hegelian Themes. London.Search in Google Scholar

Stathis Kouvelakis, St. 2003. Philosophy and Revolution: From Kant to Marx. London.Search in Google Scholar

Teeple, G. 1984. Marx’s Critique of Politics, 1842–1847. Toronto.10.3138/9781487583903Search in Google Scholar

Tucker, R. C. 1970. The Marxian Revolutionary Idea. London.10.4324/9781315128610-10Search in Google Scholar

–. 1972. Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx. Cambridge.10.4324/9781315126364Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2017-12-6
Published in Print: 2017-12-1

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 12.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/agph-2017-0021/html
Scroll to top button