Home A Reading of Nietzsche’s Revaluation of all Values as a Cynical Dialectic
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

A Reading of Nietzsche’s Revaluation of all Values as a Cynical Dialectic

  • Cheng Guo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 15, 2021
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

This paper tries to interpret Nietzsche’s revaluation of all values as a dialectical structure of Cynicism. Ancient Cynicism is regarded as the thesis, modern cynicism as its antithesis, namely its decadent form. In recent years this decadence has been somewhat overcome by the attempt to underline a new Cynicism, which can be seen as a synthesis.<fnote> I’m well aware that Nietzsche did not appreciate Hegel. But I find this way of presentation quite convincing in the reading of his revaluation as a dialectical structure. And the dialectical structure is not meant in the Hegelian sense, but in the broader sense of the word. Although Nietzsche strongly criticizes Hegel’s dialectic, one can also find ‘dialectical’ features in his philosophy. The three transformations of the spirit in Thus Spoke Zarathustra can be understood as a dialectical structure: The camel that obediently carries the heavy old values is considered the thesis. The lion, which no longer respects the old values and creates only freedom, is considered the antithesis. But only the child can create new values and so the final transformation of the spirit is considered the synthesis. Moreover, Oliver Dier sees an inner dialectical movement in Nietzsche’s doctrine of the eternal recurrence (Oliver Dier, Die Verwandlung der Wiederkunft, in: Nietzsche-Studien, 30 (2001), 133–174). According to Werner Stegmaier, the word “great” in late Nietzsche also has a dialectical sense (Werner Stegmaier, Nietzsches Befreiung der Philosophie. Kontextuelle Interpretation des V. Buchs der ‘Fröhlichen Wissenschaft’, Berlin a. Boston 2012, 29). Roberto Esposito considers Nietzsche’s biopolitics to be “inscribed in the dialectic of immunity and community” (Quoted from Vanessa Lemm, Nietzsche and biopolitics: Four readings of Nietzsche as a biopolitical thinker, in: Sergei Prozorov a. Simona Rentea [eds.], The Routledge Handbook of Biopolitics, New York 2017, 50–65; here: 51).</fnote> I then compare Nietzsche’s revaluation of all values with the coin metaphor of Diogenes. The revaluation is close to Cynicism, both in a literary as well as in a philosophical way. The starting point of the revaluation is obviously Cynical. But Nietzsche takes the will to power much further than the Cynics. I subsequently discuss the danger that the revaluation of all values will result in a cynical nihilism and the way Nietzsche overcomes it with his doctrines of the eternal recurrence and the Übermensch. Finally, the paper concludes with the claim that Nietzsche completes his revaluation with his own Cynicism as a synthesis.

Published Online: 2021-11-15
Published in Print: 2022-11-10

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Titelseiten
  2. 10.1515/NIFO-2022-201
  3. Teil I: Nietzsche als musikalischer Denker
  4. „Neue Form zu finden“
  5. Die musikalische Geschichte vom Irrtum der Philosophen
  6. Keine hohe Auflösung
  7. „Nur im Tanze weiss ich der höchsten Dinge Gleichniss zu reden“
  8. Die singende Seele
  9. Der Philosoph – umtanzt und in Musik gehüllt
  10. Teil II: Nietzsche-Werkstatt: Dionysos-Dithyramben (29. Nietzsche-Werkstatt Schulpforta vom 20.–23. September 2021) Wissenschaftliche Leitung: Elisabeth Flucher und Christoph König
  11. Nietzsche-Werkstatt 2021 in Schulpforta über Nietzsches Dionysos-Dithyramben – zur Einführung
  12. Malen ist Klagen
  13. Letzter Wille. Der dionysische Freund in Nietzsches drittem Dithyrambus
  14. Zwischen Raubvögeln: Stil, Verwandlung und Einsamkeit bei Nietzsche
  15. Selbstreflexion und Publikumsbezug in Nietzsches philosophischer Dichtung
  16. Klage der Ariadne: Das letzte Wort als Kommentar
  17. Vom Erraten und Erschließen – Nietzsches homerische Welt
  18. Ruhm und Ewigkeit
  19. Resemantisierung und Rekontextualisierung in Nietzsches Dithyrambus Von der Armut des Reichsten
  20. Alles nur Makulatur? Ein biblioarchäologisches Fundstück
  21. Teil III: Beiträge
  22. Friedrich Nietzsche in der zeitgenössischen Kunst: Themen, Positionen, Medien
  23. Eine Revolution der Selbstüberwindung
  24. A Reading of Nietzsche’s Revaluation of all Values as a Cynical Dialectic
  25. Teil IV: Rezensionen
  26. Wanderer-Dasein mit, ohne und als Schatten. Über Nietzsches Der Wanderer und sein Schatten
  27. Kierkegaard und Nietzsche, die beiden Väter der Existenzphilosophie
  28. Vom Erraten und Erschließen – Nietzsches homerische Welt
  29. Aspekte einer Philosophie der Person bei Nietzsche
  30. Nietzsches Denken als Irritationspotential, Kulturphilosophie und Wagnis
Downloaded on 18.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/NIFO-2022-018/html
Scroll to top button