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Industrial Kiln Drying and its Effect on Microstructure, Impregnation and Properties of Scots Pine Timber Impregnated for Above Ground Use. Part 1. Effects of Initial, Final Dryings and Preservative on Impregnation and Timber Quality

Published/Copyright: June 1, 2005
Holzforschung
From the journal Volume 56 Issue 4

Summary

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) planks were dried in industrial progressive, conventional batch and high temperature kilns. The quality of drying was assessed by measuring the final moisture content and its gradient, deformations, checks and internal stress of planks. The timber was rearranged in three charges and impregnated in an industrial autoclave with copper-based preservatives for above ground use (class AB):Kemwood ACQ 1900, Tanalith E and Wolmanit CX-8. The moisture content was determined after impregnation and the planks were divided into two charges; the first was dried in an industrial conventional batch kiln while the second was air dried. Assessment of the final product quality after kiln and air drying was carried out as after the initial drying. The penetration of preservatives was measured as well. The data were analysed by a statistical mixed model to ascertain the effects of drying and preservatives on the impregnation and timber quality.

A strong relationship was found between the initial drying of Scots pine timber and its quality after impregnation and drying. The conventional batch and high temperature kiln drying ensured similar drying quality regarding the final moisture content and gradient, bow, twist and checks, but the high temperature drying provided significantly better (94.4%of the total sapwood area) penetration of the preservatives tested. It is suggested that changes in wood structure could be provoked during the high temperature drying, thus improving the subsequent impregnation and secondary drying. The progressive and conventional batch kiln drying led to similar penetration of the preservatives; the conventional batch kiln drying ensured significantly lower final moisture content, less twist and surface checks of the timber than the progressive kiln drying. Wolmanit CX-8 penetrated significantly better into the pine sapwood (96.3%) than Kemwood ACQ 1900 and Tanalith E (83.5 and 88.5%, respectively). The planks impregnated with Wolmanit CX-8 achieved the best quality regarding the final moisture content, its gradient and cup. The planks impregnated with Kemwood ACQ 1900 and Tanalith E showed similar quality regarding the penetration and some deformations after drying, but Kemwood ACQ 1900 impregnated planks had highest moisture content and gradient.

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Published Online: 2005-06-01
Published in Print: 2002-06-27

Copyright © 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Characteristics of Attack of Coastal Timbers by Pselactus spadix (Herbst) (Col.: Curc.: Cossoninae) and an Investigation of its Life History
  2. Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Monosaccharides Derived from Hemicelluloses in Water-Soluble Fraction of Waste Liquor from Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping
  3. Birch (Betula pendula) Wood Discolouration during Drying. Effect of Environmental Factors and Wood Location in the Trunk
  4. Immuno Electron Microscopic Localization of Peroxidases in the Differentiating Xylem of Populus spp.
  5. Vanilloyl Acetic Acid as an Unstable Intermediate from β-Hydroxypropiovanillone to Acetovanillone
  6. Study of Lewis Acid-Base Properties of Wood by Contact Angle Analysis
  7. Lipophilic Extractives of the Inner and Outer Barks of Eucalyptus globulus
  8. Thick-Target PIXE Analysis of Trace Elements in Wood Incoming to a Pulp Mill
  9. Formation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids during Soda-AQ Pulping of Kenaf Bark
  10. Comparing Mechanical Properties of Normal and Compression Wood in Norway Spruce: The Role of Lignin in Compression Parallel to the Grain
  11. Oxidative Ammonolysis of Technical Lignins. Part 3. Effect of Temperature on the Reaction Rate
  12. The Erythro/Threo Ratio of β-O-4 Structures as an Important Structural Characteristic of Lignin. Part 2. Changes in Erythro/Threo (E/T) Ratio of β-O-4 Structures during Delignification Reactions
  13. The Effect of HS- Ions in 1-mol/l NaOH Solutions on the Ion Diffusion in Wood Calculated as the Steady State Diffusion and the Drift Speed
  14. Industrial Kiln Drying and its Effect on Microstructure, Impregnation and Properties of Scots Pine Timber Impregnated for Above Ground Use. Part 1. Effects of Initial, Final Dryings and Preservative on Impregnation and Timber Quality
  15. Industrial Kiln Drying and its Effect on Microstructure, Impregnation and Properties of Scots Pine Timber Impregnated for Above Ground Use. Part 2. Effect of Drying on Microstructure and Some Mechanical Properties of Scots Pine Wood
  16. Study on Gypsum-Bonded Particleboard Reinforced with Jute Fibres
  17. Literature Reports
https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2002.066

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Characteristics of Attack of Coastal Timbers by Pselactus spadix (Herbst) (Col.: Curc.: Cossoninae) and an Investigation of its Life History
  2. Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Monosaccharides Derived from Hemicelluloses in Water-Soluble Fraction of Waste Liquor from Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping
  3. Birch (Betula pendula) Wood Discolouration during Drying. Effect of Environmental Factors and Wood Location in the Trunk
  4. Immuno Electron Microscopic Localization of Peroxidases in the Differentiating Xylem of Populus spp.
  5. Vanilloyl Acetic Acid as an Unstable Intermediate from β-Hydroxypropiovanillone to Acetovanillone
  6. Study of Lewis Acid-Base Properties of Wood by Contact Angle Analysis
  7. Lipophilic Extractives of the Inner and Outer Barks of Eucalyptus globulus
  8. Thick-Target PIXE Analysis of Trace Elements in Wood Incoming to a Pulp Mill
  9. Formation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids during Soda-AQ Pulping of Kenaf Bark
  10. Comparing Mechanical Properties of Normal and Compression Wood in Norway Spruce: The Role of Lignin in Compression Parallel to the Grain
  11. Oxidative Ammonolysis of Technical Lignins. Part 3. Effect of Temperature on the Reaction Rate
  12. The Erythro/Threo Ratio of β-O-4 Structures as an Important Structural Characteristic of Lignin. Part 2. Changes in Erythro/Threo (E/T) Ratio of β-O-4 Structures during Delignification Reactions
  13. The Effect of HS- Ions in 1-mol/l NaOH Solutions on the Ion Diffusion in Wood Calculated as the Steady State Diffusion and the Drift Speed
  14. Industrial Kiln Drying and its Effect on Microstructure, Impregnation and Properties of Scots Pine Timber Impregnated for Above Ground Use. Part 1. Effects of Initial, Final Dryings and Preservative on Impregnation and Timber Quality
  15. Industrial Kiln Drying and its Effect on Microstructure, Impregnation and Properties of Scots Pine Timber Impregnated for Above Ground Use. Part 2. Effect of Drying on Microstructure and Some Mechanical Properties of Scots Pine Wood
  16. Study on Gypsum-Bonded Particleboard Reinforced with Jute Fibres
  17. Literature Reports
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