Home Analysis of protein S-100B in serum: a methodological study
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Analysis of protein S-100B in serum: a methodological study

  • Kay Müller , Astrid Elverland , Bertil Romner , Knut Waterloo , Bodil Langbakk , Johan Undén and Tor Ingebrigtsen
Published/Copyright: September 21, 2011
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 44 Issue 9

Abstract

Background: Dysfunction and damage of the human central nervous system can be detected with biochemical markers, and protein S-100B is the best-established such marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the protein is stable during long-term storage, to establish reference values for the new Elecsys® S100 test and to compare this new method with the Liaison® Sangtec® 100 test.

Methods: We analysed blood samples from 118 blood donors and 196 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage or head injury. The long-term stability of S-100B in frozen serum samples was evaluated with repeated analysis in 1997 and 2003 using an immunoradiometric assay. Method comparison between the Liaison® Sangtec® 100 and Elecsys® S100 tests was performed using Bland-Altman difference plots.

Results: Serum concentrations increased significantly during long-term storage (mean difference 0.15μg/L; ±2 SD, 0.55μg/L). Serum measurements using the Elecsys® S100 method in 118 healthy blood donors showed S-100B levels between 0.02 and 0.08μg/L (mean 0.05). The 95th percentile was 0.07μg/L. The Liaison® Sangtec® 100 test usually measured higher concentrations than the Elecsys® S100 method, and the difference between the two methods increased with increasing concentrations. The mean difference between the methods was 0.14μg/L (±2 SD, 0.39μg/L).

Conclusions: Protein S-100B is not stable during long-term storage and the two analytical methods are not interchangeable.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1111–4.

Keywords: methods; protein S-100B; serum analysis; serum markers; traumatic brain injury
Corresponding author: Kay Müller, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway Phone: +47-77-626000, Fax: +47-77-627052,

References

1. Ingebrigtsen T, Romner B. Biochemical serum markers of traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2002; 52:798–808.10.1017/CBO9780511545962.040Search in Google Scholar

2. Raabe A, Menon DK, Gupta S, Czosnyka M, Pickard JD. Jugular venous and arterial concentrations of serum S-100B protein in patients with severe head injury: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65:930–2.10.1136/jnnp.65.6.930Search in Google Scholar

3. Buttner T, Weyers S, Postert T, Sprengelmeyer R, Kuhn W. S-100 protein: serum marker of focal brain damage after ischemic territorial MCA infarction. Stroke 1997; 28:1961–5.10.1161/01.STR.28.10.1961Search in Google Scholar

4. Fassbender K, Schmidt R, Schreiner A, Fatar M, Muhlhauser F, Daffertshofer M, et al. Leakage of brain-originated proteins in peripheral blood: temporal profile and diagnostic value in early ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 1997; 148:101–5.10.1016/S0022-510X(96)05351-8Search in Google Scholar

5. Reynolds MA, Kirchick HJ, Dahlen JR, Anderberg JM, McPherson PH, Nakamura KK, et al. Early biomarkers of stroke. Clin Chem 2003; 49:1733–9.10.1373/49.10.1733Search in Google Scholar

6. Wiesmann M, Missler U, Hagenstrom H, Gottmann D. S-100 protein plasma levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997; 139:1155–60.10.1007/BF01410976Search in Google Scholar

7. Griffin WS, Yeralan O, Sheng JG, Boop FA, Mrak RE, Rovnaghi CR, et al. Overexpression of the neurotrophic cytokine S100 beta in human temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurochem 1995; 65:228–33.10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010228.xSearch in Google Scholar

8. Van Eldik LJ, Griffin WS. S100 beta expression in Alzheimer's disease: relation to neuropathology in brain regions. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1223:398–403.10.1016/0167-4889(94)90101-5Search in Google Scholar

9. Romner B, Ingebrigtsen T, Kongstad P, Borgesen SE. Traumatic brain damage: serum S-100 protein measurements related to neuroradiological findings. J Neurotrauma 2000; 17:641–7.10.1089/089771500415391Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Ingebrigtsen T, Waterloo K, Jacobsen EA, Langbakk B, Romner B. Traumatic brain damage in minor head injury: relation of serum S-100 protein measurements to magnetic resonance imaging and neurobehavioral outcome. Neurosurgery 1999; 45:468–75.10.1097/00006123-199909000-00010Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Ingebrigtsen T, Romner B, Trumpy JH. Management of minor head injury: the value of early computed tomography and serum protein S-100 measurements. J Clin Neurosci 1997; 4:29–33.10.1016/S0967-5868(97)90007-2Search in Google Scholar

12. Dewitte K, Fierens C, Stöckl D, Thienpont LM. Application of the Bland-Altman plot for interpretation of method-comparison studies: a critical investigation of its practice. Clin Chem 2002; 48:799–801.10.1093/clinchem/48.5.799Search in Google Scholar

13. Raabe A, Kopetsch O, Gross U, Zimmermann M, Gebhart P. Measurements of serum S-100B protein: effects of storage time and temperature on pre-analytical stability. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:700–3.10.1515/CCLM.2003.106Search in Google Scholar PubMed

14. Djukanovic D, Hofmann U, Sucker A, Schadendorf D. Melanoma tumour markers S100B and MIA: evaluation of stability in serum and blood upon storage and processing. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145:1030–1.10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04545.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Undén J, Christensson B, Bellner J, Alling C, Romner B. Serum S 100B levels in patients with cerebral and extracerebral infectious disease. Scand J Infect Dis 2004; 36:10–3.10.1080/00365540310017294Search in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Wiesmann M, Missler U, Gottmann D, Gehring S. Plasma S-100b protein concentration in healthy adults is age- and sex-independent. Clin Chem 1998; 44:1056–8.10.1093/clinchem/44.5.1056Search in Google Scholar

17. Portela LV, Tort AB, Schaf DV, Ribeiro L, Nora DB, Walz R, et al. The serum S100B concentration is age dependent. Clin Chem 2002; 48:950–2.10.1093/clinchem/48.6.950Search in Google Scholar

18. Gazzolo D, Michetti F, Bruschettini M, Marchese N, Lituania M, Mangraviti S, et al. Pediatric concentrations of S100B protein in blood: age- and sex-related changes. Clin Chem 2003; 49:967–70.10.1373/49.6.967Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Nygaard O, Langbakk B, Romner B. Age- and sex-related changes of S-100 protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in patients with no previous history of neurological disorder. Clin Chem 1997; 43:541–3.10.1093/clinchem/43.3.541Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2006-1-22
Accepted: 2006-6-29
Published Online: 2011-9-21
Published in Print: 2006-9-1

©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Point-of-care testing – can we move from anecdote to evidence?
  2. A long and winding road: defining the biological role and clinical importance of paraoxonases
  3. Point-of-care testing in the cardiovascular operating theatre
  4. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in relation to vitamin D levels in menopause
  5. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene mutation is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, cardiovascular disease and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in Korea
  6. Exploring allelic imbalance within paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies using pyrosequencing technology
  7. Detection of circulating tumour cells in blood by quantitative real-time RT-PCR: effect of pre-analytical time
  8. Hereditary hyper-ACE-emia due to the Pro1199Leu mutation of somatic ACE as a potential pitfall in diagnosis: a first family outside Europe
  9. Molecular assay for detection of the common carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A 1436(C>T) mutation
  10. Serum cytokine levels and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer patients
  11. Protein Z levels and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes
  12. Determination of total bilirubin in whole blood from neonates: results from a French multicenter study
  13. Analysis of protein S-100B in serum: a methodological study
  14. Lipid peroxidation and homocysteine levels in Behçet's disease
  15. Lower expression of the α2,3-sialylated fibronectin glycoform and appearance of the asialo-fibronectin glycoform are associated with high concentrations of fibronectin in human seminal plasma with abnormal semen parameters
  16. Automated processing of whole blood samples for the determination of immunosuppressants by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry
  17. Role of methionine residues of albumin in T-R conversion of hemoglobin
  18. Rheumatoid factor interference in the determination of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)
  19. Significance of Elecsys® S100 immunoassay for real-time assessment of traumatic brain damage in multiple trauma patients
  20. IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37°C: International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC): Scientific Division, Committee on Reference Systems for Enzymes (C-RSE): Part 8. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of α-amylase: [α-Amylase: 1,4-α-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase (AMY), EC 3.2.1.1]
  21. ESEAP: the national External Quality Assessment Scheme for clinical chemistry in Greece and Cyprus
  22. Evaluation of whole-genome amplification using multiple-displacement amplification of a limited number of cells
  23. Comparison of various methods for the determination of total protein in urine
  24. Description of examinations and their results and ISO standard 15189
  25. Congress of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Annual Congress of the Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) in association with The Austrian Society for Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, The Swiss Society for Clinical Chemistry (SGKC), The German Association of Technical Assistants in Medicine (dvta), Mannheim, Germany, October 1st - 4th, 2006
  26. First Congress of the Austrian Society for Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry (ÖGLMKC), Salzburg, October 4 – 7, 2006
https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2006.211
Keywords for this article
methods; protein S-100B; serum analysis; serum markers; traumatic brain injury

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Point-of-care testing – can we move from anecdote to evidence?
  2. A long and winding road: defining the biological role and clinical importance of paraoxonases
  3. Point-of-care testing in the cardiovascular operating theatre
  4. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in relation to vitamin D levels in menopause
  5. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene mutation is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, cardiovascular disease and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in Korea
  6. Exploring allelic imbalance within paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies using pyrosequencing technology
  7. Detection of circulating tumour cells in blood by quantitative real-time RT-PCR: effect of pre-analytical time
  8. Hereditary hyper-ACE-emia due to the Pro1199Leu mutation of somatic ACE as a potential pitfall in diagnosis: a first family outside Europe
  9. Molecular assay for detection of the common carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A 1436(C>T) mutation
  10. Serum cytokine levels and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer patients
  11. Protein Z levels and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes
  12. Determination of total bilirubin in whole blood from neonates: results from a French multicenter study
  13. Analysis of protein S-100B in serum: a methodological study
  14. Lipid peroxidation and homocysteine levels in Behçet's disease
  15. Lower expression of the α2,3-sialylated fibronectin glycoform and appearance of the asialo-fibronectin glycoform are associated with high concentrations of fibronectin in human seminal plasma with abnormal semen parameters
  16. Automated processing of whole blood samples for the determination of immunosuppressants by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry
  17. Role of methionine residues of albumin in T-R conversion of hemoglobin
  18. Rheumatoid factor interference in the determination of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)
  19. Significance of Elecsys® S100 immunoassay for real-time assessment of traumatic brain damage in multiple trauma patients
  20. IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37°C: International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC): Scientific Division, Committee on Reference Systems for Enzymes (C-RSE): Part 8. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of α-amylase: [α-Amylase: 1,4-α-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase (AMY), EC 3.2.1.1]
  21. ESEAP: the national External Quality Assessment Scheme for clinical chemistry in Greece and Cyprus
  22. Evaluation of whole-genome amplification using multiple-displacement amplification of a limited number of cells
  23. Comparison of various methods for the determination of total protein in urine
  24. Description of examinations and their results and ISO standard 15189
  25. Congress of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Annual Congress of the Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) in association with The Austrian Society for Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, The Swiss Society for Clinical Chemistry (SGKC), The German Association of Technical Assistants in Medicine (dvta), Mannheim, Germany, October 1st - 4th, 2006
  26. First Congress of the Austrian Society for Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry (ÖGLMKC), Salzburg, October 4 – 7, 2006
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 8.11.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/CCLM.2006.211/html
Scroll to top button