Effect of solar irradiance on lipids of the green alga Ulva fenestrata Postels et Ruprecht
-
Svetlana V. Khotimchenko
Abstract
We examined variations in lipid composition of the marine green alga Ulva fenestrata grown under different irradiance conditions (80% of incident photosynthetically active radiation [PAR] and 24% PAR). The ratio of storage lipids (triacylglycerol) to major structural chloroplast lipids (glycolipids and phosphatidylglycerol) was influenced considerably by the irradiance. Triacylglycerol predominated in U. fenestrata exposed to 80% PAR (58.7±1.7% of total lipids). In contrast, when the alga was grown at 24% PAR, the amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol increased two to three and a half times compared to algae cultivated at 80% PAR. The content of digalactosyldiacylglycerol and betaine lipid in U. fenestrata showed little dependence on light intensity. Each lipid class had a characteristic fatty acid composition. However, the relative proportions of fatty acids present in triacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol did not depend on irradiance conditions. The variation in fatty acid composition of digalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and changes in the amounts of lipids were responsible for the differences in total fatty acid composition of U. fenestrata among light intensities. The most sensitive to the change in quantity of incident light were the 16:4n-3 and 16:0 acids. The highest level of 16:4n-3 acid was detected in algae grown under 24% PAR, whereas 16:0 acid was highest at 80% PAR. However, the total lipid content in the algae was relatively constant at different light intensities (5.0±1.0 mg/g fresh weight at 80% PAR and 5.2±1.1 mg/g at 24% PAR). These results suggest that changes in lipid composition of U. fenestrata can be considered as a mechanism of adaptation and survival of thalli subjected to variations in solar irradiance.
References
Aknin, M., R. Moellet-Nzaou, E. Cisse, J. Kornprobst, E. Gaydou, A. Samb and J. Miralles. 1992. Fatty acid composition of 12 species of Chlorophyceae from the Senegalese coast. Phytochemistry31: 2739–2741.10.1016/0031-9422(92)83622-6Search in Google Scholar
Bligh, E. and W. Dyer. 1959. A rapid method of total lipids extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol.37: 911–917.10.1139/o59-099Search in Google Scholar
Carreau, J. and J. Dubacq. 1978. Adaptation of macro-scale method to the micro-scale for fatty acid methyl transesterification of biological lipid extracts. J. Chromatogr.151: 384–390.10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88356-9Search in Google Scholar
Chapman, V. and D. Chapman. 1980. Seaweeds and their uses. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 333.Search in Google Scholar
Christie, W. 1988. Equivalent chain-lengths of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids on gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr.447: 305–314.10.1016/0021-9673(88)90040-4Search in Google Scholar
Constantopoulos, G. and R. Bloch. 1967. Effect of light intensity on the lipid composition of Euglena gracilis.J. Biol. Chem.242: 3538–3542.10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95895-3Search in Google Scholar
Dawes, C., C. Kovach and M. Friedlander. 1993. Exposure of Gracilaria to various environmental conditions. 2. The effect on fatty acid composition. Bot. Mar.36: 289–29610.1515/botm.1993.36.4.289Search in Google Scholar
Eichenberger, W. 1993. Betaine lipids in lower plants. Distribution of DGTS, DGTA and phospholipids and the intracellular localization and site of biosynthesis of DGTS. Plant Physiol. Biochem.31: 213–221.Search in Google Scholar
Elbein, A. 1982. Glycolipids and other glycosides. In: (F.A. Loewis and W. Tanner, eds) Encyclopedia of plant physiology. New series. Plant carbohydrates I. Vol. 13A. Springer Verlag, Berlin. pp. 601–612.Search in Google Scholar
Floreto, E. and S. Teshima. 1998. The fatty acid composition of seaweeds exposed to different level of light intensity and salinity. Bot. Mar.41: 467–481.10.1515/botm.1998.41.1-6.467Search in Google Scholar
Floreto, E., H. Hirata, S. Ando and S. Yamasaki. 1993. Effects of temperature, light intensity, salinity and source of nitrogen on the growth, total lipid and fatty acid composition of Ulva pertusa Kjellman (Chlorophyta). Bot. Mar.36: 149–158.Search in Google Scholar
Floreto, E., H. Hirata, S. Yamasaki and S. Castro. 1994. Effect of salinity on the growth and fatty acid composition of Ulva pertusa Kjellman (Chlorophyta). Bot. Mar.37: 151–155.10.1515/botm.1994.37.2.151Search in Google Scholar
Floreto, E., S. Teshima and S. Koshio. 1996a. The effects of seaweed diets on the lipids and fatty acids of the Japanese disc abalone Haliotis discus hannai.Fish. Science62: 582–588.10.2331/fishsci.62.582Search in Google Scholar
Floreto, E., S. Teshima and M. Ishikawa. 1996b. The effects of seaweed diets on the growth, lipid and fatty acids of juveniles of the white sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. Fish. Science62: 589–593.Search in Google Scholar
Garnier, J., B. Wu, J. Maroc, D. Guyon and A. Trèmoliéres. 1990. Restoration of both an oligomeric form of the light-harvesting antenna CPII and a fluorescence state II-state I transition by Δ3-trans-hexadecenoic acid-containing phosphatidylglycerol in cells of mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.Biochim. Biophys. Acta1020: 153–162.10.1016/0005-2728(90)90046-7Search in Google Scholar
Hagio, M., Z. Gombos, Z. Varkonyi, K. Masamoto, N. Sato, M. Tsuzuki and H. Wada. 2000. Direct evidence for requirement of phosphatidylglycerol in photosystem II of photosynthesis. Plant Physiol.124: 795–804.10.1104/pp.124.2.795Search in Google Scholar
Harwood, J. 1984. Effect of the environment on the acyl lipids of algae and higher plants In: (P.-A. Siegenthaler and W. Eichenberger, eds) Structure, function and metabolism of plant lipids. Vol. 9. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 543–550.Search in Google Scholar
Harwood, J. and A. Jones. 1989. Lipid metabolism in algae. Adv. Botan. Res.16: 1–53.10.1016/S0065-2296(08)60238-4Search in Google Scholar
Harwood, J. and N. Russell. 1984. Lipids in plants and microbes. George Allen & Unwin. Ltd., London. pp. 162.Search in Google Scholar
Hofmann, M. and W. Eichenberger. 1997. Lipids and fatty acid composition of the marine brown alga Dictyopteris membranaceae. Plant Cell Physiol.38: 1046–1052.10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029270Search in Google Scholar
Khotimchenko, S. 1993. Fatty acids of green macrophytic algae from the Sea of Japan. Phytochemistry32: 1203–1207.10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95092-1Search in Google Scholar
Khotimchenko, S. 2003. The fatty acid composition of glycolipids of marine macrophytes. Russian J. Mar. Biol.29: 126–128.10.1023/A:1023960825983Search in Google Scholar
Khotimchenko, S. and I. Kulikova 2000. Lipids of different parts of the lamina of Laminaria japonica Aresch. Bot. Mar.43: 87–91.10.1515/BOT.2000.008Search in Google Scholar
Kim, M., J. Dubacq, J. Thomas and G. Giraud. 1996. Seasonal variations of triacylglycerols and fatty acids in Fucus serratus.Phytochemistry43: 49–55.10.1016/0031-9422(96)00243-9Search in Google Scholar
Klyachko-Gurvich, G., L. Tsoglin, J. Doucha, J. Kopetskii, I. Shebalina and V. Semenenko. 1999. Desaturation of fatty acids as an adaptive response to shifts in light intensity. Physiol. Plantarum107: 240–249.10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.100212.xSearch in Google Scholar
Klyachko-Gurvich, G., N. Pronina, V. Ladygin, L. Tsoglin and V. Semenenko. 2000. Uncoupled functioning of separate photosystems. 1. Characteristics of fatty acid desaturation and its role. Russian J. Plant Physiol.47: 603–612.Search in Google Scholar
Li, X. Fan, L. Han and Q. Lou. 2002. Fatty acids of some algae from the Bohai Sea. Phytochemistry59: 157–161.10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00437-XSearch in Google Scholar
Mortensen, S., K. Borsheim, J. Rainuzzo and G. Knutsen. 1988. Fatty acid and elemental composition of the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis Schutt. Effects of silicate deprivation, temperature and light intensity. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.122: 173–185.Search in Google Scholar
Murakami, M., K. Makabe, K. Yamaguchi and S. Konosu. 1989. Cytotoxic polyunsaturated fatty acid from Pediastrum. Phytochemistry28: 625–626.10.1016/0031-9422(89)80065-2Search in Google Scholar
Napolitano, G. 1994. The relationship of lipids with light and chlorophyll measurements in freshwater algae and periphyton. J. Phycol.30: 943–950.10.1111/j.0022-3646.1994.00943.xSearch in Google Scholar
Newton, I. 1996. Long chain fatty acids in health and nutrition. J. Food Lipids3: 233–249.10.1111/j.1745-4522.1996.tb00071.xSearch in Google Scholar
Nishida, I. and N. Murata. 1996. Chilling sensitivity in plants and cyanobacteria – the crucial contribution of membrane lipids. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol.47: 541–568.10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.541Search in Google Scholar
Ohnishi, M. and G. Thompson. 1991. Biosynthesis of the unique trans-Δ3-hexadecenoic acid component of chloroplast phosphatidylglycerol: evidence concerning its site and mechanism of formation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.288: 591–599.10.1016/0003-9861(91)90241-ASearch in Google Scholar
Roessler, P. 1990. Environmental control of glycerolipid metabolism in microalgae: commercial implications and future research directions. J. Phycol.26: 393–399.10.1111/j.0022-3646.1990.00393.xSearch in Google Scholar
Svetashev, V. and V. Vaskovsky. 1972. A simplified technique for thin-layer microchromatography of lipids. J. Chromatogr.67: 376–378.10.1016/S0021-9673(01)91245-2Search in Google Scholar
Titlyanov, E., V. Leletkin, P. Kolmakov, A. Lapshina and K. Bil. 1990. Influence of light on potential productivity and its realization in thallomes of the marine green alga Ulva fenestrata P. et R. Physiol. Plants37:484–494 (in Russian).Search in Google Scholar
©2004 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- Annual versus perennial growth cycle in Ruppia maritima L.: temporal variation in population characteristics in Mediterranean lagoons (Monolimni and Drana Lagoons, Northern Aegean Sea)
- Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) survival in deep water (25–40 m) during El Niño of 1997–1998 in Baja California, Mexico
- Effects of temperature and salinity on growth, reproduction and survival in the introduced red alga Heterosiphonia japonica (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)
- Morphology and vegetative reproduction of the introduced species Hypnea cornuta (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Italy), Mediterranean Sea
- Recent introduction of Polysiphonia morrowii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) to Punta Arenas, Chile
- Effect of solar irradiance on lipids of the green alga Ulva fenestrata Postels et Ruprecht
- Phenolic contents of two brown algae, Turbinaria ornata and Sargassum mangarevense on Tahiti (French Polynesia): interspecific, ontogenic and spatio-temporal variations
- Interspecific and temporal variation in phlorotannin levels in an assemblage of brown algae
- New records of planktonic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) from the Mexican Pacific Ocean
- Sargassum kendrickii (Fucales, Phaeophyceae), a new species of subgenus Phyllotrichia from southern Australia
- Aglaothamnion rigidulum nov. spec. (Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae) from South Africa
Articles in the same Issue
- Annual versus perennial growth cycle in Ruppia maritima L.: temporal variation in population characteristics in Mediterranean lagoons (Monolimni and Drana Lagoons, Northern Aegean Sea)
- Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) survival in deep water (25–40 m) during El Niño of 1997–1998 in Baja California, Mexico
- Effects of temperature and salinity on growth, reproduction and survival in the introduced red alga Heterosiphonia japonica (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)
- Morphology and vegetative reproduction of the introduced species Hypnea cornuta (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Italy), Mediterranean Sea
- Recent introduction of Polysiphonia morrowii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) to Punta Arenas, Chile
- Effect of solar irradiance on lipids of the green alga Ulva fenestrata Postels et Ruprecht
- Phenolic contents of two brown algae, Turbinaria ornata and Sargassum mangarevense on Tahiti (French Polynesia): interspecific, ontogenic and spatio-temporal variations
- Interspecific and temporal variation in phlorotannin levels in an assemblage of brown algae
- New records of planktonic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) from the Mexican Pacific Ocean
- Sargassum kendrickii (Fucales, Phaeophyceae), a new species of subgenus Phyllotrichia from southern Australia
- Aglaothamnion rigidulum nov. spec. (Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae) from South Africa
